noun a linear transformation that preserves the dot product of vectors
adjective relating to or involving right angles; perpendicular
In mathematics, two vectors are said to be orthogonal if their dot product is zero. This concept is crucial in linear algebra and geometry.
In statistics, orthogonal regression is a method to fit a linear model where the errors are orthogonal to the predictor variables.
In engineering, orthogonal arrays are used in design of experiments to efficiently test multiple factors with minimal runs.
In computer science, orthogonalization is a technique used in machine learning and signal processing to decorrelate features or signals.
In physics, orthogonal components refer to quantities that are independent of each other and do not affect each other's behavior.
In the field of mathematics, writers may use the term 'orthogonal' to describe vectors that are perpendicular to each other, or in a more general sense, to describe two things that are independent or unrelated.
Psychologists may use the term 'orthogonal' to refer to factors or variables that are unrelated or independent of each other in statistical analysis or research studies.
Engineers may use the term 'orthogonal' to describe components or systems that are independent or unrelated, especially in the context of signal processing, control systems, or circuit design.
Architects may use the term 'orthogonal' to describe lines or elements that are perpendicular to each other, or to refer to a design approach that emphasizes straight lines and right angles.
Statisticians may use the term 'orthogonal' in the context of regression analysis to refer to predictors that are uncorrelated with each other, or in the context of experimental design to refer to factors that are independent of each other.