The isolation of populations due to geographical barriers can lead to allopatric speciation.
Sympatric speciation occurs when new species evolve from a single ancestral species in the same geographic area.
Reproductive isolation mechanisms prevent different species from interbreeding, contributing to the process of speciation.
Adaptive radiation is a type of speciation where a single ancestral species evolves into a variety of different forms to exploit different ecological niches.
Genetic drift can play a significant role in the process of speciation by causing changes in allele frequencies in small populations.