Academic Writing

noun A small, tube-shaped sac attached to an organ in the body, such as the intestines

• The appendix contains supplementary information that supports the main text.
• Make sure to check the appendix for any extra details.
• I never bother reading the appendix, it's just a bunch of extra stuff.
• The appendix of the report is like the cherry on top, providing additional insights.

noun a separate clause or provision in a document

• The research article provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest findings in the field.
• I read an interesting article about the benefits of meditation in a health magazine.
• Did you see that juicy article about the celebrity scandal?
• His actions were like a blank article, devoid of any substance or meaning.

noun refers to the sections of a book that come after the main content, such as the index, bibliography, and appendix

• The back matter of the book includes the bibliography and index.
• Don't forget to check out the back matter for more information.
• I always skip the back matter, it's usually just boring stuff.
• Sometimes the real gems can be found in the back matter of a book.

noun a concise summary or account of something

verb to give essential information to someone in a short and clear way

adjective of short duration or distance

• Please provide a brief summary of your findings in the report.
• Can you give me a brief overview of what the meeting was about?
• Just give me the brief version, I don't have time for all the details.
• His time in the spotlight was brief, but he made a lasting impact.

noun a written or printed record that gives information or proof

verb to record in detail

• Please make sure to carefully review and sign the document before submitting it.
• Hey, don't forget to check out that document and sign it before sending it in.
• Yo, make sure you peep that document and throw your John Hancock on it before you send it off.
• The document serves as a roadmap for our project, guiding us through each step towards completion.

noun language that is meaningless or is made unintelligible by excessive use of technical terms

verb to speak or write in gobbledegook

• The document was filled with technical gobbledegook that was hard to decipher.
• I tried reading that article but it was full of gobbledegook.
• I can't make heads or tails of this gobbledegook!
• His explanation was just a bunch of gobbledegook, I couldn't understand a word.

adjective giving strong encouragement or advice; urging or strongly recommending

• The professor delivered a hortatory speech to inspire his students to strive for excellence.
• The coach gave a hortatory pep talk to motivate the team before the big game.
• My mom's hortatory reminders to clean my room are getting annoying.
• The artist's hortatory paintings urged viewers to reflect on the state of the environment.

noun a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things

adjective a word naming an attribute of a noun, such as sweet, red, or technical

adverb a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree

preposition a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause

• The report will be submitted to the board in due course.
• Don't worry, you'll get your payment in due course.
• Chill out, your package will arrive in due course.
• Just keep working hard and success will come in due course.

noun a draft or sketch

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• The indraft of the new policy was met with mixed reactions from the stakeholders.
• I heard there's an indraft of new rules coming soon.
• The indraft of the project proposal got everyone excited.
• The indraft of creativity flowed effortlessly from the artist's mind.

noun a written message or communication, especially one sent within an organization

adjective relating to or consisting of a memorandum

• The memorandum outlined the new company policy regarding employee benefits.
• I received a memorandum about the upcoming office party.
• Did you see the memo? It's like a super important memorandum.
• The old photograph served as a memorandum of happier times.

noun a system or set of methods used in a particular area of study or activity

• The research project followed a rigorous methodology to ensure accurate results.
• She came up with a new methodology for organizing her closet.
• I'm gonna try out this new study methodology my friend recommended.
• His methodology for dealing with stress involves deep breathing and meditation.

noun a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour

• The meeting will start in ten minutes.
• I'll be ready in just a few minutes.
• Let's bounce in five minutes.
• She was on cloud nine for minutes after hearing the good news.

verb to come into possession of; to acquire through effort or request

• In order to complete the research project, we must obtain approval from the ethics committee.
• I need to obtain a copy of that book before the library closes.
• I'm gonna try to obtain some free samples at the store.
• She was determined to obtain justice for her family no matter what it took.

adjective describing or indicating something that is officially documented or known

preposition indicating that something is officially documented or known

• The official statement is on record and cannot be altered.
• The fact is on record, so there's no point in denying it.
• The evidence is on record, so you better come clean.
• Her dedication to the cause is on record for all to see.

noun a general description or plan giving the essential features of something but not the detail

verb to give a brief account or summary

• The professor provided a detailed outline of the course material for the semester.
• Can you give me a quick outline of the plan for tomorrow?
• I need you to sketch out the outline of the project before we start working on it.
• She outlined her goals for the year, painting a clear picture of what she hoped to achieve.

noun an introduction to a book or other literary work

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• The preface of the book provides an overview of the author's intentions and background.
• I always skip the preface of a book and jump straight into the story.
• Dude, did you even read the preface? It's got some cool stuff in there.
• The preface of life is often filled with dreams and aspirations before reality sets in.

noun a continuous sequence or series

adjective describing something that continues without interruption

• The teacher reminded the students not to let their sentences run on for too long.
• I tend to let my stories run on and on without realizing it.
• I hate when people's stories just run on forever, it's so boring.
• His bad luck seemed to run on endlessly, with one misfortune after another.

noun a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language, for example shut is a synonym of close

• In academic writing, it is important to use the appropriate synonym to avoid repetition.
• Can you think of another word that is a synonym for 'happy'?
• I need a cool synonym for 'awesome' to use in my text.
• Finding a synonym for 'struggle' can help convey the depth of the character's challenges.

noun a book or electronic resource that lists words in groups of synonyms and related concepts

• When writing an academic paper, it is important to consult a thesaurus to find synonyms for key terms.
• I always use a thesaurus when I'm stuck on finding the right word to use in my writing.
• I found this awesome thesaurus app that helps me sound smarter in my essays.
• A thesaurus is like a treasure chest full of words waiting to be discovered and used in writing.

noun a concluding section of a literary work, often providing closure or summarizing the main points

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• The epilog of the book provided a concise summary of the main events.
• Did you read the epilog at the end of the novel? It wraps up the story nicely.
• I skipped the epilog because I already knew how the story would end.
• The epilog of the movie served as a reflection on the protagonist's journey.

noun A list of names of people who are being congratulated or honored, typically found at the end of a book or publication

• The tabula gratulatoria in the front of the book listed all the contributors and well-wishers.
• Did you see your name on the tabula gratulatoria for the school yearbook?
• I was so excited to see my name on the shout-out page, aka the tabula gratulatoria.
• In a way, the tabula gratulatoria represents the collective support and appreciation for the project.

noun a person or thing that has been named before in a document or conversation

adjective describing or identifying a person or thing mentioned previously

• The abovenamed individuals have been selected for the scholarship program.
• The abovenamed people are the ones we're meeting for lunch.
• The abovenamed crew is always up for a good time.
• The abovenamed stars in the sky guide us on our journey.

adjective relating to or functioning as an adjective

adverb relating to or functioning as an adverb

• The word 'adjectivally' is used to describe how something is done in terms of an adjective.
• She always speaks adjectivally, using colorful words to describe everything.
• I like how he adjectivally describes his food as 'slap-your-mama good'.
• His writing style is adjectivally rich, painting vivid pictures in the reader's mind.