Botanical Glossary

adjective An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. In this case, 'annual' describes something that happens once a year.

• The company holds an annual meeting to discuss financial performance.
• We have our annual family reunion next weekend.
• I can't wait for the annual bash at the beach this summer!
• The annual tradition of planting flowers symbolizes growth and renewal.

adjective relating to or resembling a tree or trees; inhabiting or frequenting trees

• The arboreal habitat of the monkeys is crucial for their survival.
• The monkeys love swinging from tree to tree in their arboreal home.
• Those monkeys are living the high life up in their arboreal playground.
• Her thoughts were as tangled and intricate as an arboreal canopy.

noun a compartment in a barn for storing hay or other feed for livestock

verb to bark or howl loudly

• The ship was anchored in the bay as the crew prepared to unload the cargo.
• Let's take a stroll along the bay and enjoy the sunset.
• I heard there's a cool party happening at the bay tonight, wanna check it out?
• She felt like she was standing at the edge of a bay, surrounded by uncertainty and endless possibilities.

adjective having a belly or bulging middle

• The bellied whale surfaced to take a breath before diving back into the ocean.
• He's been hitting the gym hard, trying to get rid of that bellied look.
• I can't believe how bellied he's gotten since quarantine started.
• The team's bellied effort led to their victory in the championship game.

noun a rounded seed capsule of plants such as cotton or flax

verb not applicable

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• The farmer harvested the cotton bolls from the field.
• I saw a boll of cotton on the side of the road.
• Hey, can you pass me that boll over there?
• The team captain was the boll that held the group together during tough times.

verb past tense of the verb 'claw', which means to scratch or tear something with claws or fingernails

• The cat clawed at the furniture, leaving scratches on the wood.
• I accidentally clawed my friend while we were play-fighting.
• The bully clawed at the victim's face during the fight.
• Her words clawed at his heart, leaving him feeling hurt and betrayed.

adjective Constricted is an adjective that describes something that is restricted or narrowed in size or extent.

• The constricted blood vessels caused his hands to feel cold.
• She felt constricted in her tight dress.
• I can't breathe, this room is so constricted!
• His constricted view on the world limited his opportunities.

noun a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority

verb to invest with regal power; to declare or acknowledge as a king, queen, or emperor

• The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.
• Check out the bling on her crown, it's so shiny!
• That crown is straight fire, yo!
• She was the crowned champion of the competition.

noun the act of promoting or improving growth, development, or refinement

• The cultivation of crops requires careful planning and management of resources.
• My neighbor is really into cultivation, he spends all his free time in his garden.
• I heard he's got a green thumb when it comes to cultivation.
• Cultivation of knowledge is just as important as cultivation of the land.

verb to hold something in the hands in a curved shape, like a cup

• She cupped her hands to catch the rainwater dripping from the roof.
• He cupped his hands around the warm mug of coffee.
• I cupped my hands over my mouth to stifle a laugh.
• The audience's applause cupped her heart with warmth and gratitude.

noun the layer of dead skin at the base of a fingernail or toenail

• The cuticle is the outer layer of skin that protects the nail bed.
• I need to moisturize my cuticles to prevent them from drying out.
• I accidentally cut my cuticle while trimming my nails.
• She had a thick emotional cuticle that prevented her from getting too close to anyone.

adjective firmly established or ingrained

adverb deeply or strongly

• The psychologist identified a deep-seated fear in the patient that stemmed from childhood trauma.
• She has a deep-seated dislike for olives, she just can't stand the taste.
• His deep-seated crush on her was obvious to everyone except her.
• The issue of inequality is a deep-seated problem that requires systemic change.

adjective having toothlike or serrated edges

• The leaf margins of the plant are dentate, with sharp teeth along the edges.
• The edges of the leaf look like they have little teeth, all dentate and pointy.
• The leaf is all jagged and dentate, like it's ready to bite someone.
• Her words were like dentate edges, cutting through the silence with their sharpness.

verb past tense of distend, which means to swell or expand from internal pressure

adjective enlarged or swollen due to pressure from inside

• The distended abdomen of the patient indicated a possible intestinal blockage.
• After eating too much, my stomach felt distended and uncomfortable.
• I shouldn't have had that extra slice of pizza, now I feel all distended.
• The distended budget of the project caused delays in its completion.

verb to make or become longer, typically in a linear direction

• The scientist used a special technique to elongate the DNA strands for analysis.
• I need to elongate this shirt before I can wear it again.
• I'm going to elongate my break by a few minutes.
• The road seemed to elongate before them as they drove through the desert.

adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, in this case 'elongated' describes something that has been lengthened or stretched out

• The elongated shape of the building made it stand out among the rest of the structures in the city.
• Her elongated fingers made it easy for her to reach the top shelf without any help.
• I can't believe how elongated his story became after he kept adding more details to it.
• The elongated wait for the results felt like an eternity to the anxious students.

verb past tense of evert, meaning to turn inside out or outward

adjective describing something that has been turned inside out or outward

• The scientist carefully everted the tissue sample to examine its inner layers.
• She everted the sock to show off the fun pattern on the inside.
• He everted the bag to reveal the hidden compartment.
• Her emotions were everted, showing on the outside what she was feeling within.

verb to discharge or emit, as moisture or liquid through pores or small openings

• The flowers exude a sweet fragrance that fills the room.
• She always exudes confidence wherever she goes.
• The party exuded good vibes all night long.
• His artwork exudes emotion and depth.

adjective relating to or containing starch

• The chef prepared a farinaceous dish using flour as the main ingredient.
• I love eating farinaceous foods like pasta and bread.
• I'm craving some farinaceous snacks right now.
• His farinaceous words left a bad taste in my mouth.

adjective describing something that is soft and thick, often referring to body tissue or fruits

• The fleshy part of the fruit is often the most nutritious.
• I love biting into the fleshy part of a ripe peach.
• Her fleshy cheeks turned red when she was embarrassed.
• His fleshy heart was full of love and compassion.

noun the study and practice of growing and marketing flowers and ornamental plants

• Floriculture is the branch of horticulture that deals with the cultivation of flowers for ornamental use.
• My aunt's backyard is filled with beautiful flowers thanks to her passion for floriculture.
• I never knew floriculture could be so profitable until I started my own flower business.
• The growth of their relationship can be compared to the meticulous care required in floriculture.

verb past tense of flute, which means to make flutes or grooves in something

adjective having grooves or ridges resembling flutes

• The columns of the ancient temple were adorned with intricate fluted designs.
• I love how the fluted edges of the pie crust give it a fancy look.
• Check out those fluted sleeves on her dress, they're so cute!
• His speech was like a well-played flute, with each word flowing smoothly and effortlessly.

noun a structure in a rock in which minerals are aligned in layers

• The geologist studied the foliation patterns in the rock to understand its history.
• I noticed the cool foliation lines in the marble countertop at the store.
• Check out the funky foliation on that tree bark!
• The artist used light and shadow to create a foliation effect in the painting.

noun a state of extreme excitement or agitation

verb to fry or cook until crisp and curled

adjective having a crisp and curled appearance

• The chef demonstrated how to frizzle the onions to achieve a crispy texture.
• I love it when the edges of my hair frizzle in the summer humidity.
• That new song is straight fire, it's gonna make your brain frizzle.
• The intense heat caused the pavement to frizzle like bacon in a pan.

verb to divide or branch off into two or more parts

• The river furcates into two smaller streams as it flows through the valley.
• The road furcates up ahead, so make sure you stay in the correct lane.
• I'm not sure which path to take, it's all furcated around here.
• The political debate furcated into two distinct viewpoints, making it difficult to find common ground.

adjective of, relating to, or resembling bran or dandruff

• The furfuraceous scales on the plant's leaves help protect it from pests.
• I noticed some furfuraceous patches on my cat's fur.
• Her furfuraceous dandruff problem is really getting out of hand.
• The furfuraceous texture of the painting added depth and dimension to the artwork.

noun an open space in a forest, especially one that is clear of undergrowth

• The sunlight filtered through the trees and illuminated the glade in the forest.
• Let's have a picnic in that sunny glade over there.
• I love chilling in the glade, it's so peaceful.
• In the glade of her mind, she found solace and clarity.

noun a piece of living tissue that is transplanted surgically

verb to join or unite closely

• The surgeon performed a skin graft to repair the burn victim's damaged tissue.
• My uncle had a heart graft last year and he's feeling much better now.
• I heard that politician is involved in some shady graft schemes.
• She had to graft her way to the top of the corporate ladder through hard work and dedication.

noun a plant with narrow leaves that grows in fields and gardens

• The lush green grass in the park is meticulously maintained by the groundskeepers.
• Let's have a picnic on the grass near the lake.
• I love chilling on the grass with my friends during the summer.
• The grass is always greener on the other side, so appreciate what you have.

noun a color that is a mixture of blue and yellow, like grass or leaves

adjective describing a color that is a mixture of blue and yellow

• The lush green fields stretched out as far as the eye could see.
• I love the bright green color of your new car!
• That new restaurant is so green, it just opened last week!
• His jealousy made him see everything through green-tinted glasses.

noun a sound or utterance made by a person to express hesitation or uncertainty

verb to make a sound or utterance like 'haw'

interjection an exclamation or utterance expressing hesitation or uncertainty

• The hawthorn tree is known for its beautiful white flowers.
• Hey, did you see that guy's haw tattoos on his arm?
• I can't believe she hawed him in front of everyone like that.
• The politician's speech was full of haw and lacked substance.

adjective covered with hair; hairy

• The hirsute man had a thick beard and bushy eyebrows.
• His hirsute chest was covered in hair.
• Check out that hirsute dude over there!
• The forest was described as hirsute with dense foliage.

noun a curve or bend that goes inward

verb to curve or bend inward

• The artist carefully incurve the edges of the sculpture to create a smooth and flowing design.
• I like how you incurve the corners of your drawings, it gives them a unique look.
• I'm going to incurve the ends of my hair to give it some volume.
• Her smile seemed to incurve the room, brightening up everyone's mood.

noun the introduction of a new element or quality into something

• The doctor prescribed an infusion of antibiotics to treat the infection.
• I heard that they are offering a new infusion at the spa for relaxation.
• Let's grab some coffee with an extra infusion of energy before the meeting.
• The infusion of new ideas into the project helped it to succeed.

adjective having or covered with knobs or protrusions

• The knobby surface of the rock provided a good grip for climbing.
• I tripped over the knobby roots sticking out of the ground.
• Check out the knobby tires on that off-road vehicle!
• Her knobby fingers danced across the piano keys with grace.

adjective describing something with the texture or appearance of leather

• The leathery texture of the old book's cover indicated its age and quality.
• My grandma's hands are so leathery from years of working in the garden.
• That guy's face looks so leathery from all that time in the sun.
• Her leathery exterior hid a heart of gold underneath.

noun a projecting part of a structure

• The doctor recommended amputating the damaged limb to prevent infection.
• I hurt my limb playing soccer, so I'll have to take it easy for a while.
• I can't believe he broke his limb trying to show off on his skateboard.
• Without proper funding, the project will be like a limb without a body, unable to function properly.

noun the SI unit of luminous flux, equal to the amount of light emitted per second in a unit solid angle of one steradian from a uniform source of one candela

• The lumen is the SI unit of luminous flux, measuring the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source.
• Make sure to choose a light bulb with high lumens for better brightness in your room.
• I can't see anything in this room, we need more lumens up in here!
• Her smile lit up the room, filling it with a lumen of joy.

adjective relating to or resembling a membrane

• The cell is surrounded by a thin, membranous layer.
• The fish had a slimy, membranous coating on its scales.
• I accidentally stepped on a frog and its membranous skin felt gross.
• Her words had a membranous quality, easily slipping through my defenses.

noun a mark or spot of a different color or shade from the surrounding area

verb to mark with spots or blotches of different color or shades

• The leaves of the plant were mottled with brown spots.
• The cat had a mottled fur coat with patches of different colors.
• His face was mottled with embarrassment after tripping in front of everyone.
• The artist used different shades of paint to mottle the canvas and create a unique texture.

noun a fungus that typically takes the form of a domed cap on a stalk, often with gills on the underside

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• The chef prepared a delicious mushroom risotto for the guests.
• I love adding mushrooms to my pasta dishes.
• Let's grab some shrooms and make a pizza tonight.
• His ideas sprouted like mushrooms after a rainstorm.

noun a sugary fluid secreted by plants, especially within flowers to encourage pollination by insects and other animals

• The bees collect nectar from flowers to make honey.
• I love the sweet taste of nectar in my morning smoothie.
• That drink was nectar, dude!
• Her voice was like nectar to my ears, soothing and comforting.

adjective describing something as resembling nectar in taste or quality

• The chef prepared a nectarous dessert using fresh fruits and honey.
• This smoothie is so nectarous, I can't get enough of it!
• I heard that new bakery has the most nectarous pastries in town.
• Her words were like nectarous honey, soothing the situation.

adjective describing something that is characterized by nodules or small rounded growths

• The patient's CT scan showed the presence of nodular lesions in the liver.
• The doctor said the bump on my skin is just a nodular growth.
• I heard that new skincare product is great for reducing nodular acne.
• The artist used nodular shapes to create a unique texture in the painting.

noun a small lump or protuberance

• The nub of the issue lies in the lack of communication between departments.
• She always gets straight to the nub of the problem without beating around the bush.
• I can't believe he spilled the nub about the surprise party!
• The nub of the story is that love conquers all obstacles.

noun a small or undeveloped part or remnant, especially of a plant or fruit

• The botanist identified a small nubbin on the stem of the plant.
• I found a tiny nubbin in my salad, I wonder what it is.
• Hey, check out this weird nubbin I found on the beach!
• The nubbin of an idea sparked her creativity and led to a breakthrough.

adjective describing a smell that is strong or unpleasant

• The flowers emitted a sweet and odorous fragrance.
• The garbage can was so odorous that I had to hold my nose.
• That gym bag is seriously odorous, dude.
• His words were as odorous as a pile of rotting garbage.

noun a shape that is like a flattened circle

adjective having the general form, shape, or outline of an egg or ellipse

• The painting featured an elegant oval frame.
• I bought a new oval rug for the living room.
• Check out that oval-shaped pool at the resort!
• Her face was described as having an oval shape.

noun unhusked rice still in its husk

• The farmer planted the rice in the paddy field.
• Let's go check out the paddy fields over there.
• I heard the paddy crop this year is going to be lit!
• His mind was like a flooded paddy field, filled with endless thoughts.

noun a plant that lives for more than two years

adjective lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or continually recurring

• The perennial flowers in the garden bloom year after year.
• My mom's perennial plants always come back stronger each spring.
• That jacket is my perennial favorite, I wear it all the time.
• His perennial optimism never wavers, no matter what challenges come his way.

noun the plural form of 'pe', a former coin of India

• The pes is a unit of weight used in ancient times.
• I can't believe how heavy this pes is!
• Hey, can you pass me that pes over there?
• The burden of responsibility felt like a pes on his shoulders.

adjective having long, soft hair or fur; hairy

• The pilose plant exhibited dense, hair-like structures on its leaves.
• I noticed that the pilose caterpillar was crawling on the tree.
• That pilose dude needs a haircut ASAP.
• Her pilose personality was reflected in her wild and untamed spirit.

noun the state or quality of being potent

• The potency of the medication was carefully measured to ensure the correct dosage.
• I heard that new energy drink has a lot of potency, have you tried it?
• That strain of weed is known for its high potency, it'll knock you out.
• The potency of her words cut through the silence, leaving everyone in awe.

verb to lay oneself flat on the ground face downward, especially in reverence or submission

adjective lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward

• The patient was found prostrate on the floor, unable to move.
• He was lying prostrate on the couch, too tired to get up.
• I felt so prostrate after that long hike, I could barely walk.
• The defeat in the final game left the team prostrate with disappointment.

noun a thing that protrudes, such as a part of an object that extends beyond its normal outline

• The protrusion on the wall was caused by a structural defect.
• Watch out for that protrusion on the sidewalk, you might trip over it.
• I stubbed my toe on that dang protrusion sticking out of the ground.
• Her anger was like a sharp protrusion in the conversation, impossible to ignore.

adjective sticking out from a surface in a rounded way; bulging

• The protuberant growth on the patient's back was concerning to the doctor.
• She couldn't stop staring at his protuberant belly as he walked by.
• Check out the protuberant nose on that guy!
• The company's profits were like a protuberant balloon, ready to burst at any moment.

verb to trim or remove parts of a plant, tree, or shrub to improve growth or appearance

• The gardener carefully pruned the bushes to promote healthy growth.
• I pruned back the roses in the garden last weekend.
• I totally pruned my social media friend list, getting rid of all the negativity.
• She pruned her schedule to focus on what truly mattered in her life.

noun a thin discharge of mucus from the nose or eyes

• The patient presented with rheum in both eyes, indicating possible allergies.
• I woke up with a bunch of rheum in my eyes this morning.
• I hate when I have crusty rheum in my eyes after a long nap.
• His rheum-covered eyes reflected his exhaustion after a long day of work.

verb to become fully mature or developed

• The farmer carefully monitored the ripened fruits on the trees.
• These ripened apples are perfect for making a pie.
• I can't wait to dig into those ripened mangoes!
• His skills as a writer ripened over time, resulting in a masterpiece novel.

adjective having a wrinkled or ridged surface

• The rugous texture of the rock formation indicated years of weathering and erosion.
• I love running my hands over the rugous surface of this old tree trunk.
• The skateboard park has some rugous ramps for doing tricks.
• His rugous personality made it difficult for others to get close to him.

noun a sortie of troops from a besieged place to attack the besiegers

verb to set out on a side trip or excursion

• Sally is a diligent employee who always completes her tasks on time.
• I'm meeting Sally for lunch later today.
• Sally is a total boss babe.
• Sally's creativity knows no bounds; she's like a whirlwind of ideas.

adjective describing a shape or edge that resembles the teeth of a saw

• The saw toothed blade is designed for precision cutting.
• I accidentally cut myself on the saw toothed edge of the paper.
• Watch out for that saw toothed edge, it's sharp!
• His words had a saw toothed effect, cutting through the tension in the room.

adjective rough or scaly in texture, or morally scandalous

• The scientist presented a scabrous analysis of the data, highlighting several inconsistencies.
• I overheard a scabrous rumor about the new employee, but I'm not sure if it's true.
• The scabrous graffiti on the wall was quickly cleaned off by city workers.
• The scabrous relationship between the two countries showed no signs of improving.

verb To make shallow cuts in the skin or surface of something

• The gardener scarified the soil before planting the seeds.
• I heard that scarifying the lawn can help it grow better.
• I'm going to scarify this patch of grass to make it look nicer.
• The artist scarified the canvas with bold strokes of color.

noun a young shoot or twig of a plant, especially one cut for grafting or rooting

• The scion of the wealthy family was expected to take over the family business.
• The scion of the family is throwing a party this weekend.
• The scion of the cool kids at school invited me to hang out with them.
• He was considered the scion of the music industry due to his immense talent.

adjective thin or bony in appearance; unkempt or ragged in form or outline

• The scraggy branches of the tree needed to be pruned for safety reasons.
• That scraggy dog keeps wandering into our yard.
• She always wears those scraggy old jeans to school.
• His scraggy demeanor matched his unkempt appearance.

noun a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ

• The process of hormone secretion is controlled by various glands in the endocrine system.
• Did you know that excessive stress can affect the secretion of certain chemicals in your body?
• I heard that some plants have a cool way of attracting insects through their sticky secretion.
• Her laughter was like the sweet secretion of joy that spread happiness all around.

noun a flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another such plant

verb to plant or sow with seeds

• The farmer planted the seed in the fertile soil.
• I'm going to start some seeds in my backyard garden.
• Let's go grab some grub at the Seed Shack.
• Education is the seed that grows into a tree of knowledge.

noun a young plant, especially one that has recently germinated from a seed

• The seedling was carefully planted in the greenhouse to ensure proper growth.
• I can't wait to see how big the seedling gets in our garden!
• That seedling is gonna be lit once it starts sprouting!
• The seedling of their friendship grew stronger with each passing day.

noun a place or area that is sheltered from the sun's direct rays

adjective of doubtful honesty or legality; suspicious

• The businessman was accused of engaging in shady financial practices.
• I don't trust that guy, he seems a bit shady.
• I heard he's involved in some shady stuff.
• The tree provided a shady spot for us to rest under.

verb to cover or encase with a protective covering

adjective enclosed in a protective covering

• The sword was sheathed in a beautifully crafted scabbard.
• He quickly sheathed his knife before anyone noticed.
• Sheathed her phone in her pocket before heading out.
• Her emotions were sheathed behind a stoic expression.

adjective having or showing a tendency to be physically or mentally unwell

adverb in a sick or unhealthy manner

• The sickly child was constantly in and out of the hospital for treatment.
• My friend has been feeling sickly lately and doesn't know why.
• I'm feeling kind of sickly today, I think I might need to take a sick day.
• The sickly light of the dying sun cast a melancholic glow over the landscape.

noun a horse of a light reddish-brown color

• The sorrel plant is commonly used in traditional herbal medicine.
• I love adding sorrel leaves to my salads for a tangy flavor.
• Hey, pass me some of that sorrel for my drink, will ya?
• Her hair was the color of sorrel, shimmering in the sunlight.

noun a tool with a sharp-edged, typically rectangular metal blade and a long handle, used for digging or cutting

verb to dig or remove with a spade

• The gardener used a spade to dig up the flower bed.
• Can you pass me that spade so I can start planting?
• I'll bring the spade, you bring the shovel, and we'll get this job done.
• She used her sharp wit as a spade to dig into his argument.

noun a sudden increase or rise in something, such as a graph or chart

verb to add alcohol or drugs to a drink without someone's knowledge

adjective being at a high point or peak

adverb in a sharp or sudden manner

• The sudden spike in interest rates caused a ripple effect throughout the economy.
• I can't believe how the prices spiked up overnight!
• Did you see the spike in her hair? It looks so cool!
• Her emotions spiked when she saw her ex with someone else.

verb to spread out or apart in a way that creates a wide angle

adjective spread out or apart in a way that creates a wide angle

• The branches of the tree splay outwards, creating a wide canopy.
• She splayed out on the couch after a long day at work.
• I accidentally splayed my phone on the pavement and cracked the screen.
• His emotions splayed across his face, making it clear how he truly felt.

noun a device with a small spike or pointed object attached to the heel of a rider's boot, used to urge a horse forward

verb to urge or encourage someone to do something

• The new tax incentives were designed to spur economic growth in the region.
• Let's go for a hike and see if we can find any spurs along the trail.
• I heard that concert really spurs up the crowd.
• His words of encouragement were the spur she needed to pursue her dreams.

adjective describing something as being made of or resembling stone; hard or unfeeling

• The stony facade of the building gave it a timeless and elegant look.
• She found a comfortable spot to sit on the stony ground.
• The stony silence from the group made him feel uneasy.
• His stony expression revealed nothing about his true feelings.

noun a shoot that grows from the base of a tree or shrub

verb to deceive or cheat

• The vacuum cleaner comes with a special attachment for cleaning up dust and dirt from tight spaces, such as corners and crevices.
• I can't believe I fell for that scam, I'm such a sucker.
• Don't be a sucker and fall for his tricks.
• She knew she was a sucker for romantic comedies, but she couldn't resist watching them anyway.

adjective having a thin or delicate skin

• The professor is known for being thin-skinned and easily offended by criticism.
• My brother is so thin-skinned, he gets upset over the smallest things.
• Don't be so thin-skinned, you need to toughen up and not take everything personally.
• His thin-skinned attitude towards feedback hinders his growth and development.

noun a small horse

• The ornithologist studied the anatomy of the tit bird.
• I saw a cute little tit hopping around in the garden.
• She's got some nice t*ts, doesn't she?
• His new car is the tit of the neighborhood.

noun a medicinal substance taken to give a feeling of vigor or well-being

adjective relating to or characterized by muscular tension

• The doctor prescribed a tonic to help improve my overall health.
• I like to mix tonic water with my favorite cocktail.
• I could really use a tonic after a long day at work.
• Music has always been a tonic for my soul during tough times.

noun a surgical procedure in which an organ or tissue is removed from one part of the body and placed in another part of the body or in another body

verb to transfer (an organ or tissue) from one part of the body to another or from one body to another

• The patient underwent a successful kidney transplant surgery.
• My cousin got a heart transplant last month and he's doing so much better now.
• I heard she had a boob transplant to make them bigger.
• The company decided to transplant their headquarters to a more central location.

adjective An adjective describes a noun or pronoun. 'Unfading' describes something that does not fade or diminish.

• The artist used unfading pigments in her masterpiece to ensure its longevity.
• The flowers in the garden have an unfading beauty that never fails to impress visitors.
• That car has an unfading cool factor that makes it stand out from the rest.
• Her unfading smile brightened up even the darkest of days.

adjective not fully matured or developed; not ready to be eaten or used

• The unripe fruit should be left on the tree to ripen naturally.
• Don't pick the unripe bananas, they won't taste good yet.
• I can't eat that unripe avocado, it's too hard.
• Her skills in that area are still unripe, she needs more practice.

noun a plant or part of a plant used as food, typically as accompaniment to meat or fish, such as a cabbage, potato, carrot, or bean

adjective of, relating to, or derived from plants or plant products

• The nutritional value of a vegetable is often higher when it is consumed raw.
• I try to eat at least one serving of vegetables with every meal.
• I'm not a fan of veggies, but I know they're good for me.
• Adding vegetables to your diet is like adding color to a black and white photo.

noun a poetic term for evening or sunset

• The church bells rang at vespers, signaling the start of the evening prayer service.
• Let's catch the vespers service at the cathedral tonight.
• I'm feeling too lazy to attend vespers today.
• As the sun began to set, the sky turned into a beautiful vespers painting.

adjective having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid; viscous

• The viscid substance was difficult to remove from the glass surface.
• I accidentally spilled some viscid syrup on the table.
• Don't touch that viscid goo, it's really sticky!
• The tension in the room was viscid, making it hard to ignore.

adjective relating to or characteristic of trees or shrubs; abounding in trees

• The woody stems of the plant provide structural support.
• I love the smell of woody incense burning in the house.
• That new coffee shop has a really woody vibe, I dig it.
• His woody demeanor made it difficult for others to approach him.

adjective relating to plants that grow on waste ground or among rubbish

• The ruderal plants are able to thrive in disturbed and neglected environments.
• Those weedy plants growing in the abandoned lot are actually ruderal species.
• I can't believe those little ruderal guys are taking over the sidewalk cracks!
• In the world of business, ruderal companies are the ones that can adapt quickly to changing market conditions.

noun a long, hollow, or pithy, jointed woody stem, as that of bamboo, rattan, sugar cane, and certain palms

verb to hit or beat with a cane

pronoun it - used to represent a thing previously mentioned or easily identified

• Please refrain from using inappropriate language in this formal setting.
• Let's not go overboard with the jokes, okay?
• Hey, don't cane it too hard at the party tonight.
• He really needs to learn to pace himself and not cane it with his spending habits.

verb to make something toothed or serrated

adjective having tooth-like projections or serrations

• The denticulate edges of the leaves help to protect the plant from herbivores.
• I love how the denticulate design of this wallpaper adds a touch of elegance to the room.
• Check out the denticulate pattern on these sneakers - they're so cool!
• Her sharp wit is like a denticulate blade, cutting through any nonsense in the conversation.

noun a South African slang term for a small piece or portion of something, often used in reference to a cigarette or joint

• The botanist carefully planted the stekkie in the greenhouse.
• I found a cute little stekkie at the plant shop and had to buy it.
• Hey, check out this cool stekkie I got for my room!
• She saw potential in the stekkie of an idea and decided to develop it further.

adjective producing new growth rapidly and extensively

• The plant species is known to be proliferous, producing a large number of offspring.
• That tree in the backyard is super proliferous - it's always dropping seeds everywhere.
• My succulent collection is getting way too proliferous, I need to stop buying more.
• Her ideas were proliferous, spreading through the team like wildfire.

noun a European plant of the mint family, with small lilac flowers and leaves that yield an aromatic oil.

adjective relating to or characteristic of the pennyroyal plant.

• Pennyroyal is a herbaceous plant that is often used in traditional medicine.
• I heard that pennyroyal tea is good for digestion.
• I found some pennyroyal growing wild in the backyard.
• The scent of pennyroyal always brings back memories of my grandmother's garden.

noun a female given name

• The mardie is a type of fish found in the deep sea.
• I heard there's a new seafood restaurant that serves mardie dishes.
• I can't believe she pulled a mardie and stormed out of the party.
• His temper tantrum was like a mardie, causing chaos everywhere.

noun a substance used for polishing or protecting surfaces, typically made from a mixture of wax and oil

• He-wax is a type of wax used in certain industries for specific purposes.
• I heard that he-wax is really good for waterproofing leather.
• Hey, do you know where I can get some he-wax for my surfboard?
• His words were like he-wax, sealing the deal on their agreement.

adjective curved or arched in shape

• The arcuate shape of the bridge is both aesthetically pleasing and structurally sound.
• I love how the arcuate design of the building gives it a unique look.
• Check out the arcuate curves on that car, it's so cool!
• Her arcuate reasoning led her to a brilliant solution to the problem.

adjective describing something or someone that is extremely funny or amusing

• The comedian's performance was truly hilar, leaving the audience in stitches.
• That movie was so hilar, I couldn't stop laughing the entire time.
• My friends always crack me up with their hilar jokes.
• The situation was so hilar, it felt like a scene from a comedy movie.

noun the stems and leaves of a crop, especially of peas or beans, remaining after the pods have been picked

• The farmers gathered the haulm from the fields to use as animal bedding.
• We need to clean up all this haulm before the cows come back.
• I can't believe how much haulm we have to deal with today.
• His mind was like a tangled haulm of thoughts, impossible to unravel.

adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, in this case, 'abstricted' describes something that has been confined or restricted

• The abstricted data was securely stored in a locked cabinet.
• I accidentally abstricted my keys in my jacket pocket.
• I can't find my phone, I think I abstricted it somewhere.
• Her emotions felt abstricted, as if trapped in a cage.

noun Acalypha is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, commonly known as copperleaf or three-seeded mercury.

• The acalypha plant is known for its vibrant red and green leaves.
• I love how colorful the acalypha plant is in my garden.
• Check out the cool acalypha plant I just got for my room!
• Her personality is like an acalypha plant, bright and full of life.

noun a combining form meaning 'spine,' 'thorn,' 'prickle,' used in the formation of compound words: acantho-; acanthion.

• The acanthus plant is known for its deeply cut leaves and ornamental design.
• I planted some acanthus in my garden because I love the way it looks.
• Check out that cool acanthus tattoo on his arm!
• The acanthus motif in the artwork symbolizes growth and prosperity.

noun a type of plant with spiny leaves or stems

• The acanthad is a type of fish commonly found in tropical waters.
• I saw a cool-looking acanthad while snorkeling yesterday.
• That acanthad is one funky fish!
• Her hair was wild and curly, like a tangled acanthad.

noun a combining form meaning “spine,” “thorn,” “spiny,” used in the formation of compound words: acanthocephalan.

• The acantho- prefix is commonly used in scientific terminology to refer to spines or spiny structures.
• I learned about the acantho- prefix in my biology class last week.
• Hey, did you know that acantho- is like the fancy word for spiky stuff?
• The acantho- symbolizes protection and defense in many ancient cultures.

noun a term used in biology to refer to a specific type of structure found in certain organisms

• The acanthostyle is a specialized structure found in certain species of marine worms.
• I learned about the acanthostyle in my marine biology class.
• That acanthostyle thingamajig is pretty cool, huh?
• The acanthostyle represents the intricate design of nature's creations.

noun a genus of maple trees

• The acerae along the street were meticulously maintained by the city's landscaping crew.
• I tripped over one of those darn acerae on my way to the store.
• Watch out for those cracked acerae, they're a real hazard.
• The acerae of society represent the different paths individuals can take in life.

adjective having a sour or acidic taste

• The acetose taste of the salad came from the vinegar dressing.
• I don't like the acetose flavor of this drink.
• This acetose sauce is too tangy for my liking.
• The atmosphere in the room was acetose, filled with tension and bitterness.

noun a person or thing that is experiencing achiness or pain

adjective comparative form of achy, meaning experiencing a dull persistent pain

• After the long hike, my muscles felt achier than ever before.
• I can't believe how achier I feel after that workout.
• My legs are achier than a rusty old car today.
• Her heart grew achier with each passing day of loneliness.

noun a needle-like structure, such as the spine of a hedgehog or porcupine

• The acicula is a needle-like structure found in certain plants.
• I accidentally pricked myself on the acicula while gardening.
• Be careful, that acicula is sharp!
• Her words were like aciculas, piercing through my defenses.

noun a small sac or vesicle in the body, especially one containing fluid

• The acinus is the basic unit of structure and function in the exocrine glands.
• The doctor explained that the acinus is like a tiny sac in the gland.
• I heard that the acinus is like a little bubble in the gland.
• The acinus is like a small compartment where all the action happens in the glands.

noun a suffix used in the formation of nouns denoting a process or state (article, miracle) and sometimes other relationships or qualities (dullard, pollard)

• The medical professional used a stethoscope to listen for any abnormalities in the patient's acle.
• I heard that new restaurant serves the best acle in town.
• That acle is totally lit, bro!
• His acle of creativity knows no bounds.

noun a structure found in certain fungi that produces spores

• The acrorhagus is a specialized structure found in certain species of marine invertebrates.
• I learned about the acrorhagus in my marine biology class.
• Check out the cool acrorhagus on that sea creature!
• The acrorhagus acted as a protective shield for the tiny organism.

noun a combining form meaning “ray,” “radiation,” used in the formation of compound words

• Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection that can affect the face, neck, or lungs.
• The doctors suspect that the patient may have actinomycosis based on their symptoms.
• I heard actino is going around, so make sure to wash your hands frequently.
• The actinolike movements of the dancers mesmerized the audience.

verb to sharpen or make more acute

adjective sharp or keen in perception or intellect

• The acuate angle of the triangle measured exactly 90 degrees.
• She drew an acuate line on the paper to make sure it was straight.
• I acuated my way through the crowded room to get to the front.
• His acuate reasoning led him to the correct conclusion in the end.

adverb in a way that is not planned or expected; accidentally

• The rare species of bird was adventitiously discovered by the research team.
• We adventitiously stumbled upon a great deal at the store.
• I adventitiously found a cool new band to listen to.
• Her success seemed to come adventitiously, without much effort on her part.

noun a mass of green algae found in the intestines of certain animals

• Aegagropilae are clumps of algae that are commonly found in the stomachs of seabirds.
• I saw a bunch of aegagropilae washed up on the beach during low tide.
• Dude, check out those weird green blobs in the water - they look like aegagropilae or something.
• The cluttered desk resembled aegagropilae, with random papers and pens scattered everywhere.

verb to spend the summer in a dormant state, as some animals do in hot, dry climates

• During the dry season, some animals choose to spend their time aestivating to conserve energy.
• I heard that turtles are aestivating in their shells until it gets cooler outside.
• Let's just aestivate in front of the TV all day and binge-watch our favorite shows.
• Sometimes I feel like aestivating from social media to take a break from all the noise.

noun Aestivation is a noun referring to the state or condition of being dormant during hot or dry periods, typically in the summer.

• Aestivation is a survival strategy used by some animals to escape harsh environmental conditions.
• During aestivation, the turtle buries itself in the mud to stay cool during the hot summer.
• I'm going to aestivate in my air-conditioned room all weekend.
• The company decided to aestivate their project until the market conditions improved.

noun a growth or increase that occurs after the main growth period

verb not applicable

adjective not applicable

adverb not applicable

pronoun not applicable

preposition not applicable

conjunction not applicable

interjection not applicable

article not applicable

• The aftergrowth of the forest fire was carefully monitored by the environmental team.
• The aftergrowth of the flowers in my garden is looking pretty good.
• I can't believe the aftergrowth of that party last night, it's a mess!
• The aftergrowth of their argument continued to affect their relationship for weeks.

noun a plural noun referring to the act of following or pursuing something, typically used in the context of hunting

• The afterings of the event were carefully planned to ensure a smooth transition.
• We'll deal with the afterings of the party tomorrow, let's just enjoy tonight.
• I'm not worried about the afterings, everything will work out in the end.
• The afterings of her decision left a lasting impact on everyone involved.