Epidemiology Concepts

noun the branch of biology dealing with the study of bacteria, their structure, function, growth, and interactions with other organisms

• Bacteriology is the branch of microbiology that studies bacteria.
• I have a test on bacteriology next week, so I need to start studying.
• I never thought I would find bacteriology so fascinating!
• Understanding bacteriology is like unlocking the secrets of the microbial world.

noun a medical condition that affects the heart and blood vessels

• Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide.
• My doctor told me to watch my diet to prevent cardiovascular disease.
• Eating healthy and exercising can help keep cardiovascular disease at bay.
• Neglecting your heart health is like playing with fire when it comes to cardiovascular disease.

noun a person suffering from a chronic disease

adjective relating to or characterized by a long duration, frequent recurrence, or constantly present condition

• The patient has been diagnosed with chronic arthritis, requiring long-term management.
• My friend has chronic back pain from sitting at his desk all day.
• I can't believe how chronic this headache is today.
• Her chronic procrastination is hindering her success in school.

noun a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae

• Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• I heard that Sarah got gonorrhea from her ex-boyfriend.
• Don't be stupid, always use protection to avoid catching gonorrhea.
• The spread of misinformation is like a contagious disease, similar to how gonorrhea spreads through unprotected sex.

adjective causing or capable of causing infection; communicable

• The infectious disease spread rapidly throughout the community.
• Her laughter was so infectious, everyone in the room couldn't help but smile.
• That new song is so catchy, it's infectious!
• His positive attitude was infectious, spreading to everyone around him.

noun a type of fever caused by the presence of malaria parasites in the blood

• The patient was diagnosed with malarial fever and was immediately started on antimalarial medication.
• My friend caught malarial fever during his trip to Africa and had to stay in bed for days.
• I heard that dude got hit with some malarial fever after his vacation in the tropics.
• The sudden surge of malarial fever in the region symbolized the need for better healthcare infrastructure.

noun a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

• The pathogen was identified as a strain of the influenza virus.
• They said the pathogen was just a really bad flu bug.
• I heard that pathogen is going around like crazy.
• Negativity can be a pathogen that spreads quickly if not addressed.

adjective characterized by or requiring a sitting posture

• The doctor advised the patient to avoid a sedentary lifestyle to prevent health issues.
• I need to stop being so sedentary and start moving around more.
• Sitting around all day is not cool, I need to be less sedentary.
• Her mind was like a sedentary pond, stagnant and devoid of new ideas.

noun a type of bacteria that is long, slender, and spiral-shaped

• The spirochete bacteria is known for its spiral shape and ability to cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease.
• I heard that spirochete bacteria can really mess up your health if you're not careful.
• Those spirochetes are some nasty little buggers, ain't they?
• The spirochete of doubt continued to spiral in her mind, causing her anxiety to grow.

adjective describing a quality of being able to be passed from one person to another, typically referring to a disease or infection

• The virus is highly transmittable through respiratory droplets.
• Be careful, this cold is really transmittable.
• Watch out for that flu, it's super easy to catch.
• Her enthusiasm was so contagious, it was almost transmittable to everyone around her.

noun a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body

• Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs.
• I heard that John was diagnosed with tuberculosis, but he's getting treatment for it.
• Tuberculosis is no joke, make sure to take care of yourself and get checked regularly.
• The spread of misinformation is like a silent tuberculosis, slowly infecting the minds of many.

noun an infectious bacterial fever with an eruption of red spots on the chest and abdomen and severe intestinal irritation

• Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi.
• My friend got really sick with typhoid fever after traveling to a foreign country.
• I heard that typhoid fever is no joke, you don't want to mess around with that.
• The spread of misinformation is like a typhoid fever infecting society, causing harm and chaos.

noun an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host

• The virus has spread rapidly throughout the population, causing widespread concern.
• I heard there's a nasty virus going around, so make sure to wash your hands frequently.
• Dude, that virus is no joke - stay safe out there!
• Negativity can spread like a virus, infecting those around you with its toxic influence.

noun the branch of statistics that deals with data relating to living organisms and their interactions with the environment

• Biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological and health sciences.
• I'm taking a biostatistics course next semester.
• Biostats is a tough subject, but it's essential for research in biology.
• In the field of biology, biostatistics acts as a guiding compass for data analysis.

noun NCD (Non-Communicable Disease) is a medical condition or disease that is non-infectious and non-transmissible.

• Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health concern globally.
• My doctor told me to watch my diet to prevent NCDs.
• I heard that NCDs are on the rise among young adults.
• Neglecting your health can be like inviting NCDs to knock on your door.

noun a person identified as the first to become infected with a disease in an outbreak

• The epidemiologists were trying to trace back to patient zero to understand how the virus spread.
• They're saying patient zero was actually someone who attended the concert last week.
• I heard patient zero was patient X's roommate who never washes his hands.
• In the world of fashion, patient zero is often considered the trendsetter who influences others to follow suit.

noun a logical fallacy in which an inference is made about an individual based on aggregate data for a group

• The researcher warned against committing the ecological fallacy by making assumptions about individuals based on group-level data.
• Don't jump to conclusions about people just because of where they live - that's the ecological fallacy!
• Assuming everyone in a certain area is the same is like totally falling for the ecological fallacy.
• Judging a book by its cover is a classic example of the ecological fallacy in action.

noun the number of people living in a given area, usually per square mile or square kilometer

• The population density of the city has been steadily increasing over the past decade.
• There are so many people packed into this area, the population density is crazy.
• This place is way too crowded, the population density is off the charts.
• In this bustling city, the population density is like sardines in a can.