Formal Speech Vocabulary

adverb up to this time; before now

preposition before this time

• The heretofore undiscovered manuscript shed new light on the author's early work.
• We've never tried this method before, but heretofore, it seems to be working well.
• I never knew this spot existed, but heretofore, it's become my favorite hangout.
• The heretofore uncharted territory of my emotions was finally explored through therapy.

adverb nevertheless

preposition in spite of

conjunction despite the fact that

• The company's profits increased significantly notwithstanding the economic downturn.
• I still enjoyed the movie, notwithstanding the bad reviews.
• I'm going to the party, notwithstanding my mom's rules.
• She continued to pursue her dreams, notwithstanding the obstacles in her way.