Scientific Method Vocabulary

verb to expect or predict something to happen in the future

• The company anticipates a successful year ahead based on current market trends.
• I anticipate a fun weekend with friends coming up.
• I didn't anticipate the party being so lit!
• She could anticipate his every move, like they were connected on a deeper level.

verb to find out or discover with certainty

• The results of the experiment helped us ascertain the accuracy of our hypothesis.
• I finally ascertained the truth after talking to multiple sources.
• I had to do some digging to ascertain what really happened.
• Through careful observation, she ascertained the underlying emotions behind his words.

adverb refers to time or place in the past

preposition used to indicate the time or place in front of or ahead of something

• Please make sure to read the instructions carefully before starting the exam.
• Hey, don't forget to check out the menu before deciding what to order.
• I always double-check my texts before sending them out.
• It's important to think things through before making any big decisions.

verb to determine or estimate something based on mathematical or logical reasoning

• The scientist carefully calculated the precise measurements needed for the experiment.
• I calculated how much money I would need for the trip and it's more than I expected.
• I calculated that party would be lit, so I made sure to RSVP.
• She calculated the risks of starting her own business and decided it was worth it.

noun a mathematical determination of the size or number of something

adjective relating to or involving calculations

• The calculation of the company's annual revenue requires a thorough analysis of financial statements.
• I did the calculation for splitting the bill at the restaurant last night.
• I'm terrible at math, so I always use a calculator for any calculations I need to do.
• The calculation of risk versus reward is crucial in making investment decisions.

noun a fact that is definitely true or a feeling of being completely sure about something

• The scientist spoke with certainty about the results of the experiment.
• I can say with absolute certainty that she will be there on time.
• I bet my bottom dollar on the certainty of him winning the game.
• In the stormy sea of life, certainty is the lighthouse guiding us to safety.

verb to examine two or more things in order to note similarities and differences

• It is important to compare different investment options before making a decision.
• I like to compare prices at different stores before buying anything.
• I always compare my selfies to make sure I look good.
• She couldn't help but compare her current relationship to her past ones.

verb to form a concept or idea in the mind; to envision or imagine

• It is important to conceptualize a clear plan before starting any project.
• I need to really think about and conceptualize my next steps in this project.
• I gotta wrap my head around this and conceptualize a solution.
• She tried to conceptualize the complexities of human emotions in her artwork.

verb to create or devise something skillfully and inventively

• The chef was able to concoct a delicious new recipe using a variety of exotic spices.
• I can't believe you were able to concoct such a crazy plan in such a short amount of time.
• She's always able to concoct some drama out of nothing.
• His mind was able to concoct all sorts of wild ideas and scenarios.

noun an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information

verb to form an opinion or supposition without sufficient evidence

• The scientist presented a conjecture based on the data collected from the experiment.
• I heard a wild conjecture about the new project at work.
• Don't listen to those baseless conjectures going around the office.
• Her conjecture about the future of the company turned out to be surprisingly accurate.

verb to think about carefully; to take into account; to regard or treat in a particular way

• When making a decision, it is important to consider all possible outcomes.
• Hey, have you considered going to the new restaurant down the street?
• I never even considered that option, but now I'm starting to think it might be a good idea.
• As an artist, you must consider the emotions you want to evoke in your audience.

noun something that is contributed

• His contribution to the research project was invaluable.
• She made a significant contribution to the team's success.
• I gotta give props to Jake for his contribution to the party last night.
• Her kindness was a contribution to the positive atmosphere of the event.

verb to plan or scheme to achieve a particular goal or purpose

• The engineer had to contrive a new solution to the complex problem.
• She managed to contrive a way to sneak into the concert without tickets.
• He always knows how to contrive a plan to get what he wants.
• The author had to contrive a happy ending for the characters in her novel.

adjective describing a type of sentence that makes a statement or declaration

• In linguistics, a declarative sentence is a type of sentence that makes a statement.
• She always uses declarative sentences when she talks to her students.
• I'm not sure what you're saying, can you be more declarative?
• His actions were a declarative statement of his intentions.

adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, in this case, 'deductive' describes a type of reasoning that is based on logical conclusions

• The scientist used deductive reasoning to reach a logical conclusion based on the evidence.
• She's really good at figuring things out using deductive reasoning.
• Dude, I totally deduced that she was lying about her whereabouts.
• His deductive skills were like a well-oiled machine, always leading him to the right answer.

noun reliance on observation and experiment

noun something that furnishes proof

verb not applicable

adjective not applicable

adverb not applicable

pronoun not applicable

preposition not applicable

conjunction not applicable

interjection not applicable

article not applicable

• The forensic team presented compelling evidence linking the suspect to the crime scene.
• There's no evidence to support that wild conspiracy theory.
• I need some solid evidence before I believe a word you say.
• Her smile was the evidence of a happy heart.

verb to inspect or scrutinize closely in order to determine the nature or condition of something

• The scientists will examine the data collected from the experiment.
• I need to examine all the options before making a decision.
• Let's examine the situation and figure out our next move.
• Sometimes we need to examine our own thoughts and beliefs to grow as individuals.

verb a word that expresses an action or a state of being

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence

• All members of the committee voted in favor of the proposal, excepting one abstention.
• Everyone agreed to go to the party, excepting Sarah who had other plans.
• I like all the songs on the album, excepting the last track.
• The garden was filled with colorful flowers, excepting the one lonely rose bush in the corner.

verb a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being, in this case, 'expected' is the past tense of the verb 'expect'

adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun, in this case, 'expected' describes something that is anticipated or predicted to happen

• The company's revenue for this quarter is lower than expected.
• I didn't expect the movie to be that good!
• I'm expecting a big turnout at the party tonight.
• Her performance in the play exceeded all expectations.

noun a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact

verb to perform a scientific procedure to test a hypothesis or demonstrate a known fact

• The scientist conducted a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis.
• We decided to do a little experiment to see if it would work.
• I'm gonna try out this new recipe as an experiment.
• Life is like a grand experiment, with each decision leading to unknown outcomes.

verb to collapse or succumb to something

preposition used to indicate involvement or participation in something

• It is important to be cautious and not fall in the trap of misinformation.
• I can't believe I fell in love with that TV show, it's so addictive!
• I totally fell in with the wrong crowd in high school.
• Sometimes it's easy to fall in with the routine of everyday life and forget to enjoy the little moments.

adverb Falsely is an adverb that describes how something is done in a false or incorrect manner.

• The witness was accused of falsely testifying under oath.
• He falsely claimed that he had never been to the party.
• She was talking falsely when she said she didn't know about the surprise.
• His smile was falsely cheerful, hiding his true feelings.

noun a discovery or conclusion reached after examination or investigation

verb present participle of find, meaning to discover or perceive by chance or unexpectedly

• The finding of the research study indicated a strong correlation between exercise and mental health.
• I couldn't believe the finding of the investigation - it was so unexpected!
• The finding of the survey was mind-blowing, dude!
• The finding of the treasure map led them to a hidden cave filled with gold and jewels.

adverb used to indicate the sequence or arrangement of actions or events

preposition used to show the purpose or intention behind an action

• In order to complete the project on time, we need to allocate more resources.
• We need to work harder in order to finish the project before the deadline.
• Gotta hustle in order to get this done on time.
• Plant the seeds early in order to reap the rewards later.

noun a person who is not under the control or influence of others; one not dependent upon others

adjective not influenced or controlled by others in matters of opinion, conduct, etc.; thinking or acting for oneself

• The company prides itself on being an independent entity in the industry.
• I prefer to work as an independent contractor rather than a full-time employee.
• She's always been an independent spirit, doing things her own way.
• The artist's work is truly independent, free from any outside influence.

noun a method of reasoning in which general principles are derived from specific observations or examples

• Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.
• Using inductive reasoning, we can make educated guesses based on patterns or trends.
• I'm totally using some inductive reasoning to figure out who ate the last slice of pizza.
• Just as a detective uses inductive reasoning to solve a case, we can use it to piece together information and come to a conclusion.

adjective not exact or precise; not completely accurate

• The data collected from the survey may be inexact due to a margin of error.
• Her estimate of the cost was inexact, but it was close enough for planning purposes.
• I made an inexact guess on the number of people at the party.
• His memory of the event was inexact, with some details being exaggerated over time.

noun the quality of being clever, original, and inventive

• The engineer's ingenuity in solving complex problems was highly praised by the team.
• I was impressed by her ingenuity in coming up with a creative solution to the issue.
• His ingenuity in fixing cars is off the charts, he can make anything run like new.
• The artist's ingenuity in blending colors created a masterpiece that left everyone in awe.

verb to make something no longer valid or effective

• The new evidence presented in court could potentially invalidate the previous witness testimony.
• If you don't sign and date the form correctly, it might invalidate your application.
• Using a fake ID could invalidate your chances of getting into the club.
• Her harsh words seemed to invalidate all of his hard work and effort.

noun the state of being aware or informed

verb present participle of the verb 'know', indicating the action of having knowledge or understanding

• Knowing the importance of time management, she made sure to plan her day efficiently.
• I don't mind not knowing all the details, as long as I have a general idea of what's going on.
• I'm just winging it, not really knowing what I'm doing.
• He navigated through the stormy seas of life, knowing that calmer waters were ahead.

verb to examine or inspect something closely

preposition to consider or review something

• Please take a moment to look over the contract before signing it.
• Hey, can you look over this document for me real quick?
• Yo, just look over this thing and let me know if it's good to go.
• Sometimes we need to step back and look over our lives to see where we can make improvements.

verb to make an error in calculating or estimating

• It is crucial to double-check your calculations to ensure you do not miscalculate the total expenses.
• Be careful with your math, you don't want to miscalculate and overspend.
• Don't mess up the numbers or you'll totally miscalculate the budget.
• Sometimes in life, we may miscalculate our decisions and end up in unexpected situations.

noun a mistake or error in calculation

• The project timeline was delayed due to a miscalculation in the budget.
• I made a miscalculation on my math homework and got the answer wrong.
• She totally messed up the recipe because of a miscalculation in the ingredients.
• His miscalculation in judging her feelings led to a misunderstanding between them.

noun the study of the natural world including physics, chemistry, biology, and geology

• Natural science is the study of the physical world and its phenomena through observation and experimentation.
• I'm really enjoying my natural science class this semester.
• Some people think natural science is boring, but I find it fascinating.
• Exploring the depths of natural science is like unraveling the mysteries of the universe.

adjective A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. In this case, 'not true' is describing something that is false or incorrect.

• The statement made by the witness is simply not true.
• I'm telling you, what they said is just not true.
• That's total BS, it's so not true.
• His words may sound convincing, but they are not true in the slightest.

noun a book with blank pages for writing notes or memoranda

adjective used to describe the type of book that is a notebook

• She diligently took notes in her notebook during the lecture.
• I scribbled down the important points in my notebook.
• I jotted down the deets in my notebook.
• His mind was like a notebook, storing memories and ideas.

adjective A term used to describe something that is easily decided or settled; straightforward or simple

• The evidence presented in court made it an open-and-shut case for the prosecution.
• It was such an open-and-shut situation that we knew the outcome before it even started.
• The referee made an open-and-shut call on that play - no room for debate.
• Her decision to resign was an open-and-shut sign that she was ready for a change.

adverb used to indicate the starting point or original intention of something

• The painting was originally created in the 17th century by a famous artist.
• I originally planned to go to the beach, but it started raining.
• She was originally gonna meet us at the mall, but she bailed last minute.
• His ideas for the project originally stemmed from a conversation he had with a colleague.

noun the quality of seeming reasonable or probable

adjective plausible

• The plausibility of the theory was carefully examined by the scientific community.
• I'm not sure about the plausibility of his excuse for being late.
• I highly doubt the plausibility of that story he's telling.
• The plausibility of her promises seemed to fade away as time went on.

verb to assume as a fact or principle; to put forward as a basis for argument

• It is important to posit a well-reasoned argument in academic writing.
• I posit that we should go out for dinner tonight.
• I'm just gonna posit that we grab some pizza and call it a night.
• She likes to posit herself as a leader among her peers.

adjective Precise is an adjective that describes something exact, accurate, or specific.

• It is crucial to provide precise measurements in scientific research.
• Make sure you give me the precise details about the event.
• I need the exact deets, be precise!
• Her words were as precise as a surgeon's scalpel, cutting through the confusion.

noun the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or diplomatic occasions

• The protocol for conducting clinical trials must be strictly followed.
• Make sure you follow the protocol when setting up the new printer.
• We totally bypassed the usual protocol and just went for it.
• In this company, there's an unspoken protocol for how things are done.

noun a test or trial to establish the truth or validity of something

verb to demonstrate the truth or existence of something by providing evidence or argument

• The scientist conducted multiple experiments to prove his hypothesis.
• I bet I can prove you wrong about that.
• I'll show you the evidence to prove my point.
• Her actions will prove her loyalty to the team.

noun the mental process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgement

verb None

adjective None

adverb None

pronoun None

preposition None

conjunction None

interjection None

article None

• The professor's reasoning behind his theory was based on extensive research and analysis.
• I don't understand your reasoning for quitting your job out of the blue.
• Her reasoning for ghosting him was pretty shady if you ask me.
• The artist's reasoning for choosing such bold colors in her painting was to evoke strong emotions in the viewer.

noun a refutation or contradiction of a statement or evidence

verb to refute or contradict a statement or evidence by providing evidence or arguments

• The defense attorney was able to rebut the prosecution's argument with solid evidence.
• I can easily rebut your claim with facts and logic.
• I totally shut him down when he tried to argue with me, I rebutted him so hard.
• Her success in the face of adversity served as a powerful rebuttal to all her doubters.

adjective a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe it.

adverb a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.

• The scientist presented a refutable hypothesis that could be tested through experimentation.
• I don't think his argument is refutable, it just doesn't make sense.
• Her claim was so outlandish, it was easily refutable.
• His beliefs were so deeply ingrained, they seemed almost refutable to him.

verb to prove a statement or theory to be wrong or false by argument or evidence

• The scientist presented a well-researched paper refuting the previous theory.
• She spent hours refuting his arguments during the debate.
• I totally shut him down by refuting his claims with evidence.
• Her success in the competition was like refuting all doubts and obstacles in her path.

noun a sharp, angry, or wittily incisive reply to a remark or accusation

verb to make a sharp, angry, or wittily incisive reply

• She quickly formulated a retort to his argument, presenting her counterpoints with precision.
• When he made a snarky comment, she had the perfect retort ready to shut him down.
• He tried to insult her, but she hit him back with a savage retort.
• His actions spoke louder than any retort she could have come up with.

noun a number of things, events, or people that are arranged in a sequence or order

adjective relating to or consisting of a series

• The scientist conducted a series of experiments to test his hypothesis.
• We binge-watched the entire series in one weekend.
• I'm hooked on that new series everyone's talking about.
• Life is a series of ups and downs, but we must keep moving forward.

verb A word that expresses an action or a state of being.

• The data has shown a clear correlation between income levels and access to healthcare.
• I've shown you how to use the new software, so you should be able to do it on your own now.
• I've shown you the ropes, so now you should be good to go.
• Her actions have shown her true colors, revealing her deceitful nature.

noun a skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something

• The scientist approached the new theory with skepticism, insisting on further evidence before accepting it.
• I can understand your skepticism about trying a new restaurant, but I think you'll really enjoy it.
• I had major skepticism about his story, it just didn't add up.
• Her skepticism was like a thick fog, clouding her judgment and preventing her from seeing the truth.

verb to provide evidence or proof to support or prove the truth of something

• The claims made by the researcher were substantiated by multiple sources of data.
• She was able to prove her point with solid evidence.
• He totally backed up his story with receipts.
• Her argument was built on a solid foundation of facts and evidence.

noun the act of supposing or assuming

verb to assume or believe something to be true without definite proof

• Suppose we were to implement a new policy to address this issue.
• Suppose we all pitch in to help out, what do you think?
• Suppose we chill at the park instead of going to the movies.
• Suppose our dreams were made of stardust, how would that change our perspective on life?

adjective characterized by method or orderliness

• The researchers used a systematic approach to analyze the data.
• She has a systematic way of organizing her closet.
• I need to get my life together and be more systematic about things.
• In order to achieve success, you need to have a systematic plan in place.

noun a word that functions as the name of something

verb a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence

• The annual meeting will take place next Monday at 10am.
• Hey, do you know when the party is going to take place?
• The concert is gonna take place this weekend, are you coming?
• The negotiation took place behind closed doors.

verb to develop or become clear or definite; to start to have a particular form or structure

• As the project progressed, we began to see the final design take shape.
• Once we started adding the decorations, the party really started to take shape.
• After a few practice sessions, the dance routine finally began to take shape.
• The plan for the new business venture is starting to take shape in my mind.

adjective able to be tested or examined

• The hypothesis must be testable in order to conduct a valid scientific experiment.
• If the theory is not testable, we won't be able to prove it.
• You gotta make sure your idea is testable before presenting it to the team.
• Her patience was put to the testable when dealing with the difficult customer.

noun a result or outcome

verb to happen or develop in a particular way

adverb used to indicate how well or badly someone or something is performing or functioning

• The results of the experiment turned out to be inconclusive.
• I wasn't sure how the party would turn out, but it ended up being a lot of fun.
• I thought the movie was going to be terrible, but it actually turned out to be pretty good.
• Sometimes things don't turn out the way we expect, but that's just how life goes.

adjective An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. In this case, 'unquestionable' describes something that cannot be doubted or disputed.

• The evidence presented in the case was unquestionable, leading to a swift conviction.
• Her talent is unquestionable - everyone is amazed by her skills.
• Dude, his loyalty to his friends is unquestionable, he's always got their backs.
• The beauty of nature is unquestionable, with its stunning landscapes and diverse wildlife.

adjective An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. In this case, 'unrefutable' is an adjective that means impossible to refute or disprove.

• The evidence presented by the prosecution is unrefutable and clearly proves the defendant's guilt.
• There's unrefutable proof that she was the one who ate the last cookie.
• No way he can deny it, the video evidence is unrefutable.
• Her love for him was unrefutable, like a force of nature that couldn't be denied.

preposition a word or phrase that connects a noun or pronoun to a verb or adjective in a sentence, such as 'against' or 'in contrast to'

conjunction a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence, such as 'but' or 'and'

• The court case will be a battle of evidence, with the prosecution versus the defense.
• It's Lakers versus Celtics in tonight's game.
• It's like a showdown, Batman versus Superman.
• In the eternal struggle of good versus evil, the hero always prevails.

adjective characterized by strength, energy, or determination

• The company implemented a vigorous marketing campaign to increase sales.
• She went for a vigorous run in the park this morning.
• I need to do some vigorous cleaning before my parents come over.
• His argument was met with vigorous opposition from the other side.

adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb by indicating the manner in which something is done

• The team vigorously defended their research findings during the conference.
• She vigorously scrubbed the dishes to make sure they were clean.
• He danced vigorously at the party all night long.
• The artist vigorously painted the canvas with bold strokes of color.

noun Foundation is a noun that refers to the basis or support upon which something is built or established.

adverb Without is an adverb that indicates the absence or lack of something.

• The accusation made against him was without foundation and lacked any evidence.
• She claimed that the rumors about her were without foundation and completely untrue.
• That gossip is totally without foundation, don't believe a word of it.
• His argument was without foundation, like a house built on sand.

adjective relating to or involving abduction, a method of reasoning in which one chooses the most likely explanation from the facts available

• The scientist used abductive reasoning to form a hypothesis based on the available evidence.
• She's really good at abductive reasoning, always figuring things out before anyone else.
• I don't know how she does it, but she's like the queen of abductive thinking.
• His abductive approach to problem-solving was like connecting the dots in a complex puzzle.

noun a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things

preposition a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause

conjunction a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause

article a word that is used with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun

• The affirmation of the consequent is a logical fallacy where one assumes that if a statement is true, then its consequent must also be true.
• If you believe that all dogs have fur, then seeing a furry animal and assuming it's a dog is an example of the affirmation of the consequent.
• Don't jump to conclusions just because something matches your initial belief - that's like falling for the affirmation of the consequent.
• In life, making decisions based on assumptions without considering all possibilities is like committing the affirmation of the consequent fallacy.