Sociological Terms

noun voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than their spouse

• Committing adultery is considered a serious breach of marital vows.
• I heard that John was caught in adultery with his coworker.
• Cheating on your spouse is just plain wrong, no matter how you spin it.
• In literature, adultery is often used as a symbol of betrayal and moral decay.

noun the quality of being without moral principles; the absence of morality

• The philosopher argued that amorality is the absence of moral principles in decision-making.
• Some people believe amorality is just not caring about right or wrong.
• Don't be so amoral, dude. Show some ethics.
• In the world of finance, amorality can lead to risky and unethical behavior.

adjective describing a belief or attitude that does not involve a belief in a god or gods

• Many philosophers argue that an atheistic worldview is based on reason and evidence.
• My friend is atheistic and doesn't believe in any gods.
• Some people think atheistic folks are just being rebellious.
• In a world full of superstitions, his atheistic mindset stands out like a beacon of rationality.

noun a novel written by Sinclair Lewis, also used as a surname for a character in the novel

• George Babbitt was a successful real estate agent in Zenith.
• Hey, have you met Babbitt? He's the top realtor in town.
• Babbitt is killing it in the real estate game.
• His last name might be Babbitt, but he's anything but ordinary.

noun a group of people considered as a single entity, especially in a political context

• The body politic must work together to address the issues facing the nation.
• Everyone in the body politic needs to get on the same page to make progress.
• The body politic is a hot mess right now.
• Each individual is like a cell in the body politic, contributing to the overall health of society.

noun a remarkable concurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection

adjective coincidental

• The similarity in their findings was dismissed as mere coincidence by the researchers.
• What a coincidence running into you at the grocery store!
• No way, that's such a crazy coincidence!
• Their paths crossing again was no mere coincidence, but fate at work.

adjective relating to or involving a community or group of people

• The communal kitchen in the dormitory is shared by all residents.
• We all pitch in to keep the communal garden looking nice.
• Let's throw a party in the communal area tonight!
• Their communal spirit brought the neighborhood together during the crisis.

verb to deprive of masculine qualities or characteristics

• The idea that expressing emotions can demasculinize a man is a harmful stereotype.
• Some people believe that showing vulnerability can demasculinize guys.
• Guys shouldn't worry about demasculinizing themselves by being in touch with their feelings.
• The pressure to conform to traditional masculine norms can demasculinize men who don't fit the mold.

noun an inhabitant or occupant of a particular place

• The denizen of the forest is the deer, a graceful and elusive creature.
• The denizen of this neighborhood is Mrs. Johnson, she knows everyone's business.
• The denizen of the club scene is always looking for the next party.
• As a denizen of the internet, he spends hours browsing various websites.

noun the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else

adjective having a tendency to rely on or be influenced by someone or something else

• The country's economy is heavily reliant on foreign aid, leading to a dangerous dependence on external sources.
• She has a strong dependence on her morning coffee to kickstart her day.
• I need to break my phone addiction, it's becoming a serious dependence.
• His emotional dependence on her was like a weight he couldn't shake off.

noun a lack of harmony or agreement

adjective having a lack of harmony or agreement

• The dissonance between the two theories led to further research in the field.
• There was a lot of dissonance among the group about which movie to watch.
• I can't stand the dissonance in this song, it's giving me a headache.
• The dissonance between her actions and her words was unsettling.

noun a portion of territory surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct

• The embassy is located within a diplomatic enclave in the city.
• The neighborhood is like its own little enclave, everyone knows each other.
• We found a cool enclave to hang out and chill in the city.
• Her mind was like an enclave, closed off from the outside world.

noun the fact or state of being the child of a particular parent or parents

• The filiation of the ancient manuscript was confirmed through carbon dating.
• They were able to trace the filiation of the painting back to the original artist.
• I never knew the filiation of that rumor until now.
• The filiation of ideas between the two philosophers is evident in their works.

noun an ornamental border of threads left loose or formed into tassels or twists, used to edge clothing or material

verb to decorate with a fringe

adjective not part of the mainstream; unconventional or peripheral

adverb in a fringe manner or style

• The fringe of the carpet was starting to unravel, so I had to trim it carefully.
• She always likes to wear fringe on her jackets for a bohemian look.
• I'm not really into that fringe music scene, but some of my friends love it.
• His ideas were on the fringe of acceptable thinking, pushing boundaries in the academic world.

noun the action or process of working correctly or operating as intended

verb present participle of the verb 'function', meaning to work or operate in a particular way

• The proper functioning of the machinery is crucial for the production process.
• My phone is not functioning properly, I need to get it fixed.
• I can't believe my car is not functioning, it's such a pain.
• The team's functioning as a well-oiled machine led them to victory.

noun the state of being pleased or satisfied

adjective gratifying

• The feeling of gratification that comes from achieving a goal is truly rewarding.
• I get a sense of gratification every time I finish a difficult puzzle.
• Winning the championship game gave me so much gratification, it was awesome!
• The artist found gratification in painting her emotions onto the canvas.

noun a belief or practice that is considered barbaric, uncivilized, or non-Christian

• Heathenism refers to the practice of polytheistic religions.
• Some people still believe in heathenism and worship multiple gods.
• I heard he's into that heathenism stuff, like ancient rituals and sacrifices.
• In the modern world, consumerism is often seen as a form of heathenism, worshiping material possessions.

noun a faction or group within the Anglican Church that emphasizes its Catholic heritage and traditional liturgical practices

• The High Church tradition emphasizes the importance of liturgy and sacraments.
• Some people prefer the High Church style of worship with its elaborate rituals.
• High Church services can be a bit stuffy for my taste.
• In the world of fashion, she is considered the High Church of haute couture.

noun the crime of unlawfully killing another person

• The suspect was charged with homicide after the victim's body was found.
• The police think it was a homicide, but they're still investigating.
• I heard there was a homicide down the street last night.
• The downfall of the company was like a slow homicide of its reputation.

noun a mathematical or philosophical concept that cannot be broken down further

adjective not able to be reduced or simplified

• The mathematical equation is irreducible and cannot be simplified any further.
• Her love for him was irreducible, no matter what anyone said.
• His stubbornness is irreducible, he never listens to anyone.
• The bond between the two friends was irreducible, nothing could break it.

adjective showing a lack of religion or reverence for religious beliefs

• Many believe that the irreligious are simply lacking in faith or spirituality.
• My friend is quite irreligious and prefers not to talk about religion at all.
• Some people think being irreligious is just a phase that young people go through.
• In a world full of chaos and uncertainty, some find comfort in being irreligious.

noun A connection between two or more things.

verb To become a member of a group or organization.

• I would like to extend an invitation for you to join our prestigious organization.
• Hey, do you want to join us for dinner tonight?
• Yo, you should totally join our squad, it's lit!
• Joining forces with our competitors could lead to a successful merger.

adjective minimal in importance or significance

• The company decided to cut costs by reducing its marginal expenses.
• I only have a marginal interest in that topic.
• She's just a marginal player in the industry.
• His influence on the team is only marginal at best.

noun a false or mistaken belief

• The misbelief that vaccines cause autism has been debunked by numerous scientific studies.
• There is a common misbelief that eating carrots will improve your eyesight.
• Don't fall for the misbelief that you can get rich quick with that scheme.
• Her misbelief in her own abilities held her back from pursuing her dreams.

verb to treat someone as an object, typically by disregarding their feelings or individuality

• It is important not to objectify individuals based on their physical appearance.
• Dude, don't objectify women like that.
• Stop treating her like an object, man.
• The media tends to objectify celebrities, reducing them to mere objects for public consumption.

noun a city-state in ancient Greece, especially as considered in its ideal form for philosophical purposes

• The polis was the central political and administrative unit in ancient Greece.
• The polis was like a city-state in ancient Greece.
• The polis was where all the action went down back in the day.
• In modern times, the concept of a polis can be seen in tightly-knit communities.

noun a split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief

• The schism within the political party led to a split in ideologies.
• The schism between the two friends caused tension in their relationship.
• The schism in the group chat created drama among the members.
• The schism in her heart between love and duty tore her apart.

noun the state of being humiliated or degraded by oneself

• His constant self-abasement made it difficult for others to take him seriously.
• She always resorts to self-abasement whenever she feels insecure.
• Stop with the self-abasement, you're better than that!
• The artist's self-abasement in his work reflected his inner struggles.

noun a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people

• The use of slang in academic writing is generally discouraged.
• I love using slang when chatting with my friends.
• That new slang term is spreading like wildfire on social media.
• She speaks in a slang that only the cool kids understand.

noun a division of a society based on social and economic status

• Social class is often determined by a combination of factors such as income, education, and occupation.
• People in different social classes may have different lifestyles and opportunities.
• Your social class doesn't define your worth as a person.
• In the social class of the animal kingdom, the lion is considered the king.

adjective describing a relationship of mutual benefit or dependence between two organisms

• The relationship between the clownfish and the sea anemone is a classic example of a symbiotic partnership.
• The bees and the flowers have a symbiotic relationship where they both benefit from each other.
• Those two are like peanut butter and jelly, totally symbiotic.
• Their friendship was so strong, it was almost symbiotic in nature.

verb to represent or be a symbol of something

• The dove is often used to symbolize peace and tranquility in many cultures.
• Wearing black to a funeral is a way to symbolize mourning and respect for the deceased.
• In some circles, getting a tattoo of a rose can symbolize love and passion.
• The setting sun can symbolize the end of a chapter in one's life, but also the promise of a new beginning.

noun a belief in the existence of a god or gods, especially belief in one god as creator of the universe, intervening in it and sustaining a personal relation to his creatures

• The study of theism is an important aspect of religious philosophy.
• Some people believe in theism, while others are atheists.
• I don't really buy into all that theism stuff, I prefer to keep an open mind.
• In theism, God is often seen as the ultimate creator and ruler of the universe.

pronoun A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. 'Themselves' is a reflexive pronoun used to refer back to the subject of the sentence.

• They must learn to rely on themselves in order to succeed in the business world.
• They need to do it themselves if they want it done right.
• They gotta handle it themselves, no one else will do it for them.
• In order to truly grow, one must learn to plant the seeds themselves.

adjective lasting only for a short time; temporary

• The current economic downturn is expected to be transitory, with recovery projected for next year.
• Don't worry about the temporary setback, it's just transitory.
• This bad mood is just a transitory phase, it will pass soon.
• The storm was transitory, leaving behind a clear sky and fresh air.

noun lack of restriction or limitation

• The unconstraint of the market allowed for rapid innovation and competition.
• There was a sense of unconstraint at the party, with everyone dancing and having a great time.
• She loves the unconstraint of working from home in her pajamas.
• His creativity had an unconstraint that was both inspiring and unpredictable.

noun a quality or state of being unorthodox; deviation from established beliefs or practices

• The professor's lecture on the unorthodoxy of the theory challenged traditional beliefs.
• Her unorthodoxy in fashion choices always turns heads.
• I love the unorthodoxy of their music, it's so unique.
• His unorthodoxy in problem-solving always leads to innovative solutions.

noun A person who hates or is prejudiced against men

• The philanthropist was known for his generous donations to various charities.
• My uncle is a philandrist who always goes out of his way to help others.
• I heard that guy is a total philandrist, always looking out for his friends.
• Her love for humanity knows no bounds, she is a true philandrist.

noun a protective measure taken during a pandemic to limit contact to a small, consistent group of people

• During the pandemic, it is important to limit your interactions to a small social bubble to reduce the spread of the virus.
• Let's keep our social bubble small so we can all stay safe and healthy.
• I'm only hanging out with my ride-or-die friends in my social bubble.
• Her social bubble burst when she realized that not everyone in her life had her best interests at heart.

noun a practice of maintaining a certain physical distance from others in order to prevent the spread of disease

• It is important to maintain social distance to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
• Make sure to keep your social distance when you're out in public.
• Don't forget to practice social distancing when you're around others.
• Sometimes it's necessary to create social distance in order to protect your own well-being.

noun a type of bird known for its call that sounds like 'cuckoo'

verb the act of imitating the call of a cuckoo bird

• Authorities are cracking down on the illegal practice of cuckooing in urban areas.
• I heard that some people are cuckooing their friend's apartment while they are on vacation.
• I can't believe she's cuckooing that guy's place while he's out of town!
• Her presence in the meeting room was like cuckooing in someone else's nest.

noun a large city or urban area that has a high population density and extensive public transportation systems

adjective describing a city that is large, urban, and has a high population density

• The metro city is known for its efficient public transportation system.
• I love visiting the metro city for all the shopping and dining options.
• The metro city is where all the cool kids hang out.
• Living in a metro city can feel like being at the center of the universe.

noun a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea

verb a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence

• During the evacuation drill, it is important to count noses to ensure everyone is accounted for.
• Hey, make sure to count noses before we leave the party so we don't forget anyone!
• Let's count noses before we bounce from this place.
• As a teacher, it's my job to count noses and make sure all my students are present and accounted for.

noun the state or quality of lacking a definite structure or organization

• The lack of hierarchy in the organization led to a state of structurelessness.
• Without a clear leader, the group fell into a state of structurelessness.
• The team was a hot mess with all its structurelessness going on.
• Her mind was a chaotic mess, a structurelessness of thoughts and emotions.

noun a combination of the words 'Brexit' and 'exhaustion', used to describe the fatigue or weariness associated with the prolonged discussions and debates surrounding Brexit

• Many British citizens are experiencing Brexhaustion due to the prolonged negotiations and uncertainty surrounding Brexit.
• I can't handle any more Brexit news, I'm suffering from serious Brexhaustion.
• I'm so over this whole Brexit thing, it's giving me major Brexhaustion.
• Dealing with Brexit feels like running a marathon, it's a constant state of Brexhaustion.

adjective related by blood; having a common ancestor

• The study focused on the genetic implications of consanguineous marriages within the community.
• They found out that they were distantly related through consanguineous connections.
• I heard they're like, super related, like consanguineous and stuff.
• Their bond was so strong, it was as if they were consanguineous siblings.

noun a set of attitudes and behaviors that are harmful or restrictive to men and society as a whole, often characterized by aggression, dominance, and the suppression of emotions

• Toxic masculinity is a term used to describe harmful behaviors and attitudes associated with traditional masculinity.
• Some people believe that toxic masculinity can be harmful to men's mental health.
• Guys who exhibit toxic masculinity are often referred to as 'manly men'.
• The roots of toxic masculinity run deep in our society, affecting both men and women.

adjective describing a connection or relationship between two or more things

• The relational database model is widely used in modern data management systems.
• Having strong relational skills is important for building good relationships.
• I'm really feeling the relational vibes between them.
• The interconnectedness of nature can be seen as a relational web of life.

noun a disagreement or difference of opinion

adjective relating to disagreement or dissent

• The dissensus among the members of the committee led to a prolonged debate.
• There was dissensus within the group about which movie to watch.
• The dissensus between the two friends caused tension in their relationship.
• The dissensus in opinions created a storm of conflicting ideas.

verb to assign or ascribe value or worth to something

• It is important to valorize the contributions of all team members in order to foster a sense of unity and collaboration.
• Let's make sure to valorize everyone's hard work so they feel appreciated.
• We should hype up and valorize our friend's new business venture.
• In literature, authors often use symbolism to valorize certain characters as heroes.

noun a word that refers to a person, place, thing, event, substance, or quality

verb a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being

article a word that is used to specify a noun as definite or indefinite

• In the realm of physics, quantum entanglement is a thing that continues to baffle scientists.
• Have you heard? Meal prepping is a thing now among fitness enthusiasts.
• Dude, that new dance move is totally a thing right now.
• Finding inner peace amidst chaos is truly a thing worth striving for.

noun A noun referring to a specific concept or idea

• Misandry is the hatred or dislike of men or boys.
• Some people mistakenly believe that misandry is just as prevalent as misogyny.
• Guys often joke about misandry, but it can be a serious issue.
• His fear of misandry caused him to avoid forming close relationships with men.

noun a prefix meaning 'different' or 'other', used in the formation of compound words

verb not applicable

adjective relating to or denoting a person who is attracted to people of the opposite sex

adverb not applicable

pronoun not applicable

preposition not applicable

conjunction not applicable

interjection not applicable

article not applicable

• Hetero is a prefix used to indicate something as different or other.
• I heard they're a hetero couple, meaning they're of opposite genders.
• Some people use 'hetero' as a quick way to refer to heterosexual individuals.
• In a world of diversity, being hetero is just one of many ways to express love and relationships.

adjective a term used to describe phenomena or experiences that are beyond normal but not necessarily paranormal

• The concept of perinormal phenomena is still a subject of debate among researchers.
• I find it fascinating to read about perinormal experiences and occurrences.
• Some people think perinormal events are just plain weird.
• The boundary between normal and perinormal is often blurred in paranormal investigations.

noun a slang term in Australian English to describe a person who is unsophisticated or uncultured

• The archaeologists discovered an ancient bogun burial site.
• I heard that guy is a real bogun, always causing trouble.
• She's such a bogun, always hanging out with the wrong crowd.
• The weeds in the garden were like a bogun, spreading uncontrollably.

noun a person who is apathetic towards the existence or non-existence of a god or gods

• The apatheist philosophy suggests that one should be indifferent towards the existence or non-existence of gods.
• I consider myself an apatheist because I just don't care about the whole debate over religion.
• She's a total apatheist - she couldn't care less about going to church or not.
• In a world full of believers and atheists, being an apatheist is like standing in the middle ground of indifference.

noun the act of making something absolute or unconditional

• The absolutization of certain beliefs can lead to close-mindedness and intolerance.
• Stop with the absolutization of your opinions, be open to other perspectives.
• Don't be so absolutization about it, chill out and consider other viewpoints.
• The absolutization of her love for him was evident in every action she took.

verb to make absolute or complete; to treat as absolute or final

• The concept of truth should not be absolutized in philosophical discourse.
• Don't absolutize your opinion as the only correct one.
• Stop absolutizing everything, it's annoying.
• She absolutized her feelings for him, believing he was the one.

adjective relating to or involving adaptation

• The adaptational process of the species to their new environment was carefully studied by scientists.
• The adaptational skills of the team members were put to the test during the project.
• She's a pro at adaptational changes, always rolling with the punches.
• Life is all about adaptational strategies, learning to navigate through different challenges.

noun voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than their spouse

• The laws in this country strictly prohibit adulteries and impose severe penalties for those found guilty.
• Rumors of adulteries have been circulating around the neighborhood.
• I can't believe she's been involved in so many adulteries!
• The adulteries of corruption have tainted the reputation of the government.

noun African Orthodox - a branch of Christianity that originated in Africa and follows the teachings of the Eastern Orthodox Church

adjective African - relating to Africa; Orthodox - adhering to traditional or established beliefs, especially in religion

• The African Orthodox Church is a Christian denomination that originated in South Africa.
• My friend follows the African Orthodox faith and attends a local church every Sunday.
• I didn't know much about African Orthodox beliefs until I met my roommate who practices it.
• Embracing African Orthodox traditions can bring a sense of cultural richness to one's spiritual journey.

noun a building used as a residence for such a community

• The agapemone was a religious community founded in the 19th century.
• Have you heard about that old agapemone building down the street?
• I wouldn't go near that agapemone place, it gives me the creeps.
• The agapemone of artists and creatives gathered together to collaborate on a new project.