Construction Terminology

adjective forming a tight seal that does not allow air or other substances to pass through

• The airtight container kept the food fresh for a longer period of time.
• Make sure you seal the bag airtight to keep the chips from going stale.
• I always zip my backpack airtight so nothing falls out.
• Her alibi was airtight, so there was no way she could have committed the crime.

noun an accessory or other item associated with a particular activity or place

• The appurtenance of the property includes the garage and storage shed.
• The appurtenance for this house is the swimming pool in the backyard.
• Check out the appurtenance of that car - it has some cool custom rims.
• In his mind, success was the ultimate appurtenance of hard work and determination.

noun a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things

adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb, indicating the location, direction, time, manner, or degree of an action

preposition a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause

• The negotiations between the two countries are currently at a standstill.
• The traffic is at a standstill due to the accident up ahead.
• The project is at a standstill because of all the red tape.
• His career seemed to be at a standstill until he decided to pursue further education.

verb to damage or destroy by or as if by a sudden and violent blow

adjective excellent or outstanding

• The contractor did a bang up job on renovating the old building.
• Wow, you really did a bang up job on that presentation!
• I heard the new restaurant has a bang up menu.
• She did a bang up job of organizing the event, everything went smoothly.

adjective describing how something is done without the use of tools or weapons

adverb modifying a verb to describe how an action is carried out

• The archaeologist carefully excavated the ancient artifacts bare handed to avoid damaging them with tools.
• He caught the fish bare handed while everyone else used fishing rods.
• I can't believe she took on that bully bare handed and won.
• She faced the challenges of starting her own business bare handed, without any outside help.

noun a long, flat strip of squared wood or metal used to hold something in place or as a fastening against a wall

verb to strengthen or fasten (something) with battens

• The carpenter used a batten to secure the boards together.
• Can you pass me that batten over there?
• I'm going to batten down the hatches before the storm hits.
• She had to batten down her emotions to stay focused during the presentation.

adjective showing great joy, happiness, or satisfaction

• She entered the room beaming with joy, ready to present her research findings.
• When I saw her beaming smile, I knew she had aced the exam.
• He was beaming like a kid in a candy store when he got his new skateboard.
• The sunrise painted the sky in hues of pink and orange, beaming its warmth across the horizon.

noun a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea

pronoun a word that can function as a noun phrase used by itself and that refers either to the participants in the discourse (e.g., I, you) or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g., she, it, this)

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence

• Beneath one's dignity, lies the act of deceit.
• I can't believe she would stoop so low, it's beneath her.
• Dude, cheating on the test is totally beneath you.
• Beneath one's tough exterior, there is a kind heart.

noun a tiered structure of benches or seats typically found in a sports stadium or theater

• The spectators sat on the bleachers to watch the game.
• Let's grab a seat on the bleachers for a better view.
• I love chilling on the bleachers during halftime.
• She felt like she was on the bleachers, watching her life pass by.

noun a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or other damage

verb to cause blisters to form on (something)

• She developed a blister on her heel after walking for hours in uncomfortable shoes.
• I got a blister from wearing these new shoes all day.
• My feet are killing me, I've got a nasty blister from these shoes.
• The criticism from her boss felt like a blister on her confidence.

noun a clumsy or poorly done task or job

verb to carry out a task or job clumsily or poorly

• The surgeon botched the procedure, leading to complications for the patient.
• I tried to fix the leaky faucet myself, but I ended up botching it even more.
• She completely botched her presentation at work today.
• His attempt to cover up the mistake only served to botch the situation further.

noun a container typically made of wood or cardboard, used for storing or transporting items

verb to confine or enclose within a space or boundaries

• Please make sure to box in the fragile items before shipping them.
• Hey, can you box in those breakable things before we move?
• Yo, make sure to box in the delicate stuff before we haul it.
• It's important to box in your emotions and not let them control you.

noun a support or fixture projecting from a wall for holding or supporting a shelf, lamp, or other object

verb to enclose within brackets

• Please remember to enclose the numerical values within a bracket when solving the equation.
• Make sure to put the numbers in brackets when you're working out the math problem.
• Don't forget to stick the numbers in brackets when you're doing the math.
• The bracket of time between meetings was just enough for a quick coffee break.

adjective an adjective that describes someone or something as having strong and muscular physical strength

• The brawny construction worker effortlessly lifted the heavy beam.
• Check out that brawny guy at the gym, he's lifting double his body weight!
• That brawny dude is a total beast when it comes to weightlifting.
• Her brawny determination helped her overcome all obstacles in her path.

noun a physical action of starting construction on a new project

verb to begin construction on a new project

• The construction company is scheduled to break ground on the new office building next week.
• The builders are finally going to start digging for the new office building soon.
• They're gonna start digging for the new office building next week.
• The team is ready to break ground on the new project and get started on their work.

noun a small rectangular block typically made of fired or sun-dried clay, used in building

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• The architect specified that the new building should be constructed with high-quality brick.
• I accidentally bumped into the brick wall while walking down the street.
• That party was brick, everyone was having a great time.
• She built a brick wall around her heart to protect herself from getting hurt.

verb past participle form of the verb 'break off', meaning to separate or detach something from its original position

adjective describing the state of something being separated or detached from its original position

• The handle of the teapot had broken off, rendering it unusable.
• I accidentally broke off a piece of the puzzle while trying to put it together.
• I can't believe she broke off their relationship over something so trivial.
• The negotiations between the two countries have broken off, leading to increased tensions.

noun a buildup is a gradual accumulation or increase of something

verb to build up means to gradually increase or strengthen something

adjective there is no applicable adjective for 'build up'

adverb there is no applicable adverb for 'build up'

pronoun there is no applicable pronoun for 'build up'

preposition there is no applicable preposition for 'build up'

conjunction there is no applicable conjunction for 'build up'

interjection there is no applicable interjection for 'build up'

article there is no applicable article for 'build up'

• The company aims to build up its reputation by providing high-quality products and excellent customer service.
• I need to build up my savings before going on vacation.
• He's been hitting the gym hard to build up those muscles.
• It takes time to build up trust in a relationship.

noun a structure or the process of constructing a structure

verb to construct or make something by putting parts or materials together

• The construction company plans to build a new office building next year.
• Let's build a sandcastle at the beach!
• I'm gonna build a sick gaming setup in my room.
• We need to build trust with our customers before launching the new product.

noun A company or organization that constructs or repairs buildings

• The builder constructed a new office building in the city center.
• The builder is working on a cool new project downtown.
• That builder dude is always on site, getting things done.
• She is the builder of her own destiny, shaping her future with each decision.

noun a gradual accumulation or increase, especially of something negative or undesirable

adjective relating to or characterized by buildup

• The buildup of sediment in the river caused flooding in the nearby town.
• The buildup of traffic on the highway made me late for work.
• I can't stand the buildup of drama in our friend group.
• The buildup of tension between the two countries finally led to war.

verb to construct or assemble something by putting parts or materials together

• The new office building was meticulously built according to the architect's plans.
• My brother-in-law built his own car from scratch.
• That skate park was built by a group of local skaters.
• Trust is like a bridge that needs to be built between two people.

noun a powerful tractor with a broad upright blade at the front for clearing ground

verb to demolish or clear away with a bulldozer

• The city council decided to bulldoze the old building to make way for a new development.
• They're going to bulldoze that abandoned house down the street.
• Let's bulldoze through this project and get it done quickly.
• The new CEO came in and bulldozed through all the old policies to make way for a fresh start.

verb to cover or hide something in the ground

preposition used to indicate location or position within something

• The treasure was buried in a secret location deep in the forest.
• I can't believe my keys were buried in the couch cushions this whole time.
• She's always buried in her phone, she never pays attention to anything else.
• His emotions were buried in a deep well of sorrow after the loss of his pet.

noun a hole or tunnel dug by a small animal, especially a rabbit, as a dwelling

verb to dig a hole or tunnel into or through something

• The rabbit dug a deep burrow in the ground to create a safe shelter.
• The fox found a cozy burrow to hide from the rain.
• Let's burrow into that new restaurant downtown for lunch today.
• She tends to burrow into books whenever she's feeling stressed.

noun a covering or seal for something, or the act of reaching the maximum limit

verb the action of covering or sealing something, or reaching the maximum limit

• The government is considering capping the maximum amount of emissions allowed per year.
• I heard they're capping the number of attendees for the event.
• They're capping the prices on those sneakers, so you better grab them now.
• She felt like she was capping her potential by not pursuing higher education.

noun a collapse or fall in of a structure or natural formation, typically caused by external pressure or force

verb to collapse or fall in, especially due to external pressure or force

• The structural engineer warned that heavy rainfall could cause a cave in on the construction site.
• I heard that the old mine shaft might cave in if they don't reinforce it soon.
• Dude, if you keep eating junk food, your stomach is gonna cave in!
• Under pressure from the media, the politician finally caved in and admitted to the scandal.

noun a hollow in the earth, especially one opening more or less horizontally into a hill, mountain, etc.

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• The spelunkers explored the deep cave system with caution.
• Let's go check out that cool cave we found on our hike!
• I heard there's a sick cave nearby that we should totally scope out.
• She retreated into her emotional cave, shutting out the world around her.

noun a weak spot in a defense or argument

• The light filtered through the small chink in the wall.
• I could see a chink in his armor when he started to doubt himself.
• She's always finding a chink in the system to exploit.
• Despite their differences, they managed to find a chink in the armor of their opponents.

noun a slang term for a carpenter or someone who works with wood

adjective having a rough or irritable attitude

• The chippy on the corner is known for their freshly battered fish and hand-cut chips.
• Let's grab some fish and chips from the chippy down the road.
• I'm craving some chippy tea tonight, fancy joining me?
• His quick wit and sharp comebacks make him the chippy of the group.

verb past tense of clothe, meaning to dress or cover

adjective wearing a particular type of clothing or armor

• The workers were clad in protective gear before entering the hazardous area.
• She was clad in a beautiful dress for the party.
• The gang members were all clad in their colors, ready for a fight.
• His words were clad in layers of deceit, making it hard to trust him.

verb to remove or get rid of something, typically clutter or obstacles

adverb used to describe how something is done, in this case, how something is cleared away

• The workers were instructed to clear away all debris from the construction site.
• Hey, can you help me clear away these dishes from the table?
• Let's clear away this mess before mom gets home.
• It's time to clear away the doubts and uncertainties in our relationship.

noun a hard mass of fused material formed in a furnace, typically composed of mineral impurities and used as a paving stone

• The cement industry produces clinker as a key ingredient in the manufacturing process.
• I heard they use clinker to make cement.
• Yo, did you know clinker is like the secret sauce for making cement?
• In the world of construction, clinker is like the building block that holds everything together.

noun a building material made from a mixture of cement, sand, and water

adjective relating to or denoting a material or substance that is solid and firm to the touch

• The engineer specified that the building foundation must be made of reinforced concrete.
• I accidentally spilled some concrete mix on the driveway.
• Let's pour some concrete and make this project solid.
• The artist's vision was still in the concrete stage, waiting to be fully realized.

adjective Constricted is an adjective that describes something that is restricted or narrowed in size or extent.

• The constricted blood vessels caused his hands to feel cold.
• She felt constricted in her tight dress.
• I can't breathe, this room is so constricted!
• His constricted view on the world limited his opportunities.

adjective Crooked is an adjective that describes something that is not straight or aligned properly, often implying deceit or dishonesty.

• The contractor was accused of using crooked methods to win the bid.
• I don't trust that crooked salesman, he seems shady.
• That guy is so crooked, I wouldn't buy a used car from him.
• Her smile was crooked, revealing her true feelings about the situation.

noun a stone or concrete edging along the side of a street or sidewalk

• The car mounted the curbstone and caused damage to the front bumper.
• Watch out for that curbstone, you don't want to trip over it.
• I nearly wiped out on my skateboard when I hit that curbstone.
• The strict rules acted as a curbstone on their creativity.

noun a shortcut or easier way of doing something

verb to take shortcuts or do something in a quicker or easier way than is considered proper or ethical

• It is not advisable to cut corners when it comes to following safety regulations in the workplace.
• Don't cut corners when it comes to studying for your exams, it will only hurt you in the long run.
• I know you want to finish the project quickly, but don't cut corners or the quality will suffer.
• In order to succeed in life, you cannot afford to cut corners and take shortcuts along the way.

noun a maneuver in driving where a vehicle changes lanes suddenly in front of another vehicle

verb to interrupt or break into a conversation or activity

preposition indicating the point at which one thing is cut or intersects with another

• The speaker was about to make an important point when the audience member decided to cut in with a question.
• I was telling a story to my friends when Sarah cut in with her own version of events.
• I was trying to order at the drive-thru when the car behind me cut in line.
• Just when I thought I had the lead in the race, my competitor managed to cut in and take first place.

noun moisture in the air or on a surface

verb make slightly wet or moist

adjective slightly wet or moist

• The damp weather caused the books to swell and warp.
• I hate walking in damp socks, it's so uncomfortable.
• The party was a damp squib, hardly anyone showed up.
• His enthusiasm for the project was dampened by the negative feedback.

adjective A term used to describe a slope or incline that is steep or sloping downwards.

• The declivitous slope made it difficult to climb the mountain.
• The hill was so steep, it was almost declivitous.
• I nearly wiped out trying to skateboard down that declivitous street.
• The company's profits took a declivitous turn after the scandal.

verb to completely destroy or ruin something

• The city council approved the plan to demolish the old building.
• They're going to demolish that eyesore of a building next week.
• Let's demolish this place and find somewhere better to hang out.
• His harsh words seemed to demolish her confidence.

noun the action of destroying or knocking down a building or structure

adjective demolition (used to describe something related to the act of destroying or knocking down)

• The city council approved the demolition of the old building to make way for a new development.
• They're gonna tear down that old building for the new project.
• They're gonna wreck that place for the new construction.
• The demolition of their friendship was inevitable after years of disagreements.

noun a place where waste is dumped or buried

verb to get rid of or abandon someone or something

• The workers dug a ditch along the side of the road for drainage purposes.
• I saw a rabbit hop into the ditch by the park.
• Let's ditch this party and go grab some pizza instead.
• It's time to ditch the old habits and start fresh with a new routine.

noun the act of following or pursuing someone persistently, especially in a harassing or annoying way

• The practice of dogging in public places is illegal in many countries.
• I heard some people were caught dogging in the park last night.
• Let's go check out that dogging spot by the lake, it's supposed to be wild.
• The team's defense was dogging it during the game, allowing the opposing team to score easily.

noun a vertical piece of wood or metal on the side of a door frame, against which the door is closed

• He leaned against the doorjamb, deep in thought.
• She stood in the doorway, her hand resting on the doorjamb.
• He propped himself up on the doorjamb, waiting for his friends.
• The truth hit her like a truck, knocking her back against the doorjamb of reality.

verb to prepare or create a plan, document, or list by writing it out

adverb in a way that is upward or towards a higher point

preposition used to indicate movement or direction towards a higher point

• The lawyer will draw up a contract for the business agreement.
• Can you help me draw up a shopping list for the party?
• Let's draw up a plan to sneak into the concert.
• She will draw up her courage and confront the bully.

noun a military exercise or training practice

verb to bore or make a hole with a drill

• The construction workers used a power drill to bore holes into the concrete.
• I need to borrow your drill to hang up some pictures in my room.
• I'm going to drill you on these vocabulary words until you get them right.
• The coach made the team practice the same play over and over again to drill it into their heads.

noun a noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea. In this case, 'dry land' is a compound noun that refers to land that is not covered by water.

adjective an adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun. In this case, 'dry' is an adjective that describes the type of land as lacking moisture or water.

• The expedition finally reached the safety of dry land after weeks at sea.
• I can't wait to get back to dry land after this long boat trip.
• Let's hit the beach and chill on some dry land.
• After the storm passed, she felt like she was back on dry land emotionally.

noun a low shelter or hideout, especially one used by soldiers or sports teams

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• The team gathered in the dugout to discuss their game strategy.
• Let's chill in the dugout between innings.
• I snagged a foul ball in the dugout during the game.
• She felt like she was in the dugout while waiting for her turn to speak at the meeting.

noun the construction of such works

• The construction company specializes in building large-scale earthworks for infrastructure projects.
• We're going to need some heavy machinery to tackle that earthwork project next week.
• I can't believe we have to do all this earthwork by hand, it's going to be a tough job.
• The artist's sculpture resembled a complex earthwork, with layers of meaning waiting to be unearthed.

noun a former measure of length for cloth, equal to 45 inches

verb to move in a twisting or zigzagging course

• The ellipsis is used to indicate the omission of words in a sentence.
• I'll meet you at the ell by the park.
• She's really good at shooting hoops at the ell.
• The ell of uncertainty hung over the outcome of the election.

noun enclosure

verb to surround or close off on all sides

adjective enclosed, enclosing

• Please enclose your resume with your job application.
• Make sure to enclose your payment in the envelope.
• Don't forget to enclose the cash in the card for the birthday gift.
• The walls of the castle enclose a beautiful garden.

verb past tense of enclose, meaning to close off or surround something

adjective describing a space that is closed off or surrounded by something

• Please find the enclosed documents for your review.
• I've put the papers in the envelope for you.
• Check out the stuff I put in here.
• His emotions were like an enclosed box, hidden from everyone.

noun a structure that is upright or vertical

verb to construct or build

adjective upright in position or posture

• The architect designed the building to have a tall and erect structure.
• He stood erect and proud as he received the award.
• The flagpole was fully erect before the storm knocked it down.
• Her erect posture showed confidence and determination.

noun the act of erecting or the state of being erected

• The construction crew worked diligently to ensure the stability of the building's erection.
• I heard that the new skyscraper's erection is almost complete.
• Did you see the size of that guy's erection? It's impressive!
• The artist's creative process led to the erection of a magnificent sculpture.

noun An approximate calculation or judgment of the value, number, quantity, or extent of something

verb To roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of something

• The project manager provided a detailed estimate of the costs involved.
• I tried to estimate how much time it would take to finish the assignment.
• I can only give you a rough estimate of how many people will show up to the party.
• She could only estimate the depth of his emotions towards her.

noun the action of becoming or making larger or more extensive

verb to become or make larger or more extensive

• The company plans to expand its operations to new markets next year.
• I heard they're looking to expand the business to other cities.
• They're gonna blow up and get big in no time.
• Her love for music continues to expand like a growing tree reaching for the sky.

noun a quantity of material that fills or is used to fill something

verb to make or become full; to occupy a space or time

• Please fill out this form with your personal information.
• Can you fill me in on what happened last night?
• I'm going to fill up on pizza before the movie starts.
• Her laughter seemed to fill the room with joy.

noun the act of completing or reaching the end of something

verb to bring something to an end or completion

• I will finish the report by the end of the day.
• I'll finish up this project soon.
• I gotta finish this assignment before the deadline.
• She couldn't finish her sentence as she was interrupted.

noun a determination or resolution

verb to arrange or settle something

• The technician was able to fix the issue with the server quickly.
• I'll try to fix the leaky faucet in the kitchen this weekend.
• I need to fix my sleep schedule, I've been staying up too late.
• We need to fix our relationship before it falls apart completely.

noun a person who is skilled at solving problems or making arrangements, typically in a professional capacity

• The fixer was able to negotiate a deal that satisfied both parties.
• My friend is a real fixer when it comes to solving problems.
• He's known as the fixer around here because he can always find a solution.
• She was like a fixer, piecing together the broken parts of their relationship.

noun a person or thing that is consistently present in a particular place or situation

• The chandelier was a beautiful fixture in the grand ballroom.
• The lamp has been a fixture in our living room for years.
• That coffee shop is a new fixture in the neighborhood.
• Her infectious laughter became a fixture at family gatherings.

verb to become weaker or less enthusiastic

adjective showing signs of weakness or decline

• The team noticed the flagging sales numbers and immediately called a meeting to discuss strategies for improvement.
• I can tell you're flagging a bit, do you need a break or some coffee?
• I'm flagging so hard right now, I need to get some energy drinks ASAP.
• The flagging morale of the employees was a cause for concern for the management.

noun the act of displaying or showing something briefly

verb displaying or showing something briefly

adjective displaying briefly or intermittently

• The flashing lights on the emergency vehicles alerted the drivers to move out of the way.
• I saw the flashing lights and knew the party was getting started.
• She was flashing her new phone around like it was the coolest thing ever.
• His smile was like a flashing beacon of happiness in the room.

verb to cover a floor with material such as wood or tile

adjective surprised or shocked to the point of being unable to speak or react

• The intricate design of the handcrafted rug floored me with its beauty.
• I was absolutely floored by the surprise party they threw for me.
• When I saw the final score, I was totally floored.
• Her stunning performance in the play floored the audience with emotion.

noun a person who lays flooring or finishes floors professionally

• The floorer was responsible for installing the hardwood flooring in the new office building.
• My friend is a talented floorer and can fix any squeaky floorboard in no time.
• That guy is a real floorer - he can lay down tile faster than anyone I know.
• The news of her promotion as the new CEO was a real floorer for everyone in the company.

noun the way in which someone stands or walks, especially as an indication of their health or feelings

• The architect ensured that the building was constructed on a solid footing to prevent any structural issues.
• I tripped over a rock and lost my footing while hiking up the trail.
• I had to find my footing in the new job before I felt comfortable with my responsibilities.
• After the breakup, she struggled to find her footing and navigate her emotions.

noun the basis or groundwork of anything

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• The foundation of the new building was laid with precision and care.
• She always said that honesty was the foundation of a strong friendship.
• Dude, your outfit is the foundation of your whole look.
• Education is the foundation upon which we build our future.

adjective describing a very low temperature, below the freezing point of water

• The temperature dropped below zero, causing the water to freeze and the air to feel freezing.
• I forgot my jacket and now I'm freezing out here!
• This weather is so cold, I'm freezing my butt off!
• His icy glare made me feel like I was freezing in place.

noun a quantity or degree of something that fills or completes a container or space

• The company promised to compensate the workers with the full measure of their overtime hours.
• I always give my full measure when it comes to helping out my friends.
• I'll give you the full measure of my skills when we hit the basketball court.
• She was determined to give her full measure in pursuing her dreams.

noun a type of roof with two slopes on each side, the lower slope being steeper than the upper one, creating a distinctively shaped roofline

• The gambrel roof design is commonly seen in Dutch colonial architecture.
• I love the look of those houses with the gambrel roofs.
• Check out that cool gambrel roof on that old barn!
• The gambrel of her smile was infectious, lighting up the room.

noun A post supporting a gate or forming part of a gate

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• The gatepost at the entrance of the estate was made of solid oak.
• I leaned against the gatepost while waiting for my friend to arrive.
• I accidentally bumped into the gatepost and now my shoulder hurts.
• The gatepost of tradition stood firm against the winds of change.

noun the foundation or basis on which something is built or developed

• The researchers laid the groundwork for their study by conducting a thorough literature review.
• Before we start the project, we need to do some groundwork to make sure we're prepared.
• Let's get the groundwork done before we dive into this.
• Building a strong relationship requires laying the groundwork of trust and communication.

noun a strong fence at the side of a road or in a dangerous place to prevent people from falling off

• The guardrail along the highway is designed to prevent vehicles from going off the road.
• Make sure you stay on the right side of the guardrail when walking on the bridge.
• I almost hit the guardrail when I took that sharp turn on the road.
• The guardrail of his emotions finally broke, and he couldn't hold back his tears.

noun a shallow trough fixed beneath the edge of a roof for carrying off rainwater

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• The rainwater flowed down the gutter and into the drain.
• I found a lot of leaves clogging up the gutter on the roof.
• I accidentally dropped my phone in the gutter, what a mess!
• He felt like his life was spiraling down the gutter after losing his job.

noun a dishonest or fraudulent establishment or operation, especially a gambling casino

• The authorities shut down the gyp joint for illegal gambling activities.
• I heard there's a gyp joint down the street where people play poker.
• Let's hit up that gyp joint for some blackjack tonight.
• The rundown bar felt like a gyp joint with its dim lighting and shady characters.

noun a tool consisting of a handle with a heavy metal head attached at a right angle, used for breaking things or driving in nails

conjunction used together as a phrase to indicate intensity or forceful action

• The blacksmith worked diligently, using hammer and tongs to shape the hot metal into a horseshoe.
• He was going at it hammer and tongs, trying to finish the project before the deadline.
• The two teams were going at each other hammer and tongs on the football field.
• The debate between the two politicians was heated, with both of them going at it hammer and tongs to prove their point.

noun a tool with a heavy metal head mounted at right angles at the end of a handle, used for jobs such as breaking things and driving in nails

verb to persistently work at or criticize something

adverb in a persistent or continuous manner

• The researchers continued to hammer away at the data until they found a significant pattern.
• He just kept hammering away at the problem until he finally figured it out.
• She's been hammering away at her guitar skills to get ready for the talent show.
• The politician's opponents constantly hammer away at his controversial statements.

noun a tool with a heavy metal head mounted at right angles at the end of a handle, used for jobs such as breaking things or driving in nails

• The carpenter used a hammer to drive in the nails.
• I'll just grab a hammer and fix it myself.
• Let's go ham on this project with the hammer.
• Her words were like a hammer, hitting me with the truth.

noun work done by hand; craftsmanship

• The artist proudly displayed her handiwork at the gallery.
• Check out the chef's handiwork in the kitchen, it's amazing!
• I can't believe the handiwork that went into fixing up that old car.
• Nature's handiwork can be seen in the intricate patterns of a snowflake.

noun A man who is good at fixing things

• The handy man was hired to fix the leaky faucet in the office.
• My neighbor is a great handy man who can fix just about anything around the house.
• I'll call my buddy, he's a real handy man and can help us out with this project.
• She's like a handy man when it comes to problem-solving, always finding quick solutions.

verb to be suspended or attached from a higher point

adverb in a hanging position

• The painting seemed to hang off the wall at a slight angle.
• I saw a spider hang off the ceiling in the living room.
• I watched the cool kids hang off the skate park railing.
• The success of the project seemed to hang off the team leader's decision.

noun the part of a shoe or stocking that covers the back part of the foot

verb to tilt or cause to tilt to one side

adjective of or relating to the heel

adverb close behind

• She wore elegant high heels to the formal event.
• I always prefer flats over heels for everyday wear.
• Those new kicks have some killer heels on them.
• She dug her heels in and refused to change her mind.

noun a movable joint or mechanism on which a door, gate, or lid swings as it opens and closes

verb to attach or join with or as if with a hinge

• The door swung open on its well-oiled hinges.
• Make sure you don't slam the door or you'll break the hinge.
• I need to fix the hinge on my cabinet before it falls off.
• The success of the project will hinge on the approval of the board members.

noun a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things

verb a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence

adjective a word that describes or gives more information about a noun or pronoun

adverb a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence

article a word that is used with a noun to specify grammatical definiteness of the noun

• The noise from the construction work caused the tenant to hit the ceiling and file a complaint.
• When I told my mom I failed my math test, she hit the ceiling.
• My friend's parents hit the ceiling when they found out he got a tattoo.
• The news of the company's bankruptcy made the investors hit the ceiling.

noun a hollow place in a solid body or surface

verb to make a hole or opening in

• The construction workers dug a deep hole for the foundation of the building.
• I accidentally fell into a hole while walking in the park.
• Watch out for that pothole on the road, it's a big one!
• She felt like she was in a deep hole financially after losing her job.

noun a connection or link, especially to electrical or electronic devices

verb to connect or link together

• The company arranged a business hookup between two potential partners.
• I heard Sarah and Tom had a hookup at the party last night.
• Did you see that guy trying to hookup with everyone at the bar?
• The new software update is like a hookup for your phone, making it run faster and smoother.

noun a unit of linear measure equal to one twelfth of a foot (2.54 cm)

• The carpenter measured the board to be exactly 36 inches long.
• I need to move my chair an inch to the left.
• I wouldn't give him an inch in the argument.
• She was willing to go the extra inch to make sure the project was a success.

noun the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

• The pharmaceutical industry is heavily regulated to ensure the safety of medications.
• My uncle works in the film industry as a special effects artist.
• The tech industry is booming right now with all the new startups popping up.
• She was a trailblazer in the fashion industry, paving the way for future designers.

noun a thing installed, in particular a piece of equipment or furniture that is fixed in position in a building or area

• The installation of the new software went smoothly without any issues.
• We finally got around to doing the installation for the new TV.
• I'm so excited for the installation of the new gaming console!
• The installation of the new leadership brought fresh ideas to the company.

verb to protect or shield from something harmful or undesirable

• The walls of the house were insulated to improve energy efficiency.
• We need to insulate the attic before winter comes.
• I'm going to insulate the garage so it's not freezing in there.
• She tried to insulate herself from the harsh realities of the world.

noun a mechanical device used to lift something up

verb to raise or increase something, especially prices or rates

• The contractor decided to jack up the price of the project due to unexpected expenses.
• The mechanic always tries to jack up the cost of repairs.
• I heard they're trying to jack up the rent for next year.
• His behavior really started to jack up my stress levels.

noun the act of coming together or uniting in a common purpose or action

verb to come together or unite in a common purpose or action

• I am pleased to announce that we have a new team member joining us next week.
• Hey, did you hear about Sarah joining our group project?
• I heard Jake is joining the squad for the party tonight.
• The river seemed to be joining with the ocean in the distance, creating a beautiful sight.

noun a physical act of knocking someone or something down

verb to cause someone or something to fall by striking a blow or pushing forcefully

• The construction crew will knock down the old building to make way for a new development.
• I heard they're gonna knock down that abandoned warehouse next week.
• Let's knock down this pizza before it gets cold.
• His argument was so strong that it completely knocked down her opposition.

noun a sharp rap or blow, typically one made by knocking on a door

verb to strike a surface noisily to attract attention or gain entry

• The police officer gave a firm knock on the door before announcing himself.
• I'll just give a quick knock on their door to see if they're home.
• I heard a loud knock at the door and knew it was my friend messing around.
• His words seemed to knock her confidence, but she tried to stay strong.

verb fall behind in movement, progress, or development; be delayed

• The company's profits are lagging behind projections for this quarter.
• Our team is lagging behind in the competition, we need to step up our game.
• I can't believe you're still lagging, hurry up!
• Her dreams were lagging behind her reality, causing her to feel stuck.

noun a thin, narrow strip of wood used in building to provide a surface for plaster or tiles

• The carpenter used a lath to support the ceiling during construction.
• I found a lath in the shed that we can use for the project.
• Hey, pass me that lath over there, I need it for the fence.
• The lath of trust between them had been broken, and it was hard to repair.

noun a position of rest or sleep

verb to put or set something in a horizontal position

• After a long day of work, it is important to lay down and rest.
• Let's lay down on the couch and watch a movie.
• I'm so tired, I just want to lay down and chill for a bit.
• It's time to lay down our differences and work together towards a common goal.

noun foundation - the basis or groundwork of anything

verb a word that expresses an action or state of being

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence

article a word that is used to indicate nouns and to specify their application

• The architect will lay the foundation for the new building next week.
• The construction crew is gonna lay the foundation for the house tomorrow.
• Let's get this party started and lay the foundation for a good time!
• Learning basic math skills will lay the foundation for success in higher level courses.

noun the way in which something is situated or arranged

verb to put something down in a flat position

• The workers will lay the foundation for the new building tomorrow.
• I'm just going to lay on the couch and watch TV all day.
• Let's lay low and avoid getting caught by the police.
• She decided to lay her worries to rest and focus on the present moment.

noun a structure that is typically attached to a building and that has a roof with a single slope

verb to incline or bend from a vertical position

preposition used to indicate a direction or movement toward a particular point or position

• The workers constructed a lean to shelter to protect themselves from the rain.
• Let's set up a lean to in the backyard for some shade during the BBQ.
• We built a lean to out of some old pallets and a tarp for the camping trip.
• His reliance on his parents for financial support was like a lean to holding up his independence.

verb Leaning is the present participle form of the verb 'lean', which means to incline or bend in a particular direction.

• She was leaning against the wall, deep in thought.
• He was just leaning on the fence, watching the game.
• I saw her leaning on her boo at the party last night.
• The company is leaning towards a more environmentally friendly approach.

noun a player in football who specializes in line play

• The lineman was responsible for repairing the power lines during the storm.
• The lineman had to work overtime to fix the electrical wires after the storm.
• The lineman is a real pro at fixing up those power lines.
• The lineman is like a superhero, always coming to the rescue when there's an outage.

noun the process of becoming liquid, especially by the application of heat

• The process of liquefaction occurs when the soil loses its strength and stiffness, turning into a liquid-like state during an earthquake.
• During an earthquake, the ground can turn into a liquid form in a process called liquefaction.
• When the earth starts acting like quicksand during a quake, that's liquefaction kicking in.
• Her emotions were in a state of liquefaction, melting away any sense of control she had.

noun timber sawed or split into planks, boards, etc.

verb to move in a slow, heavy, awkward way

• The lumber industry plays a significant role in the economy of this region.
• We need to pick up some lumber for the weekend project.
• Let's go grab some lumber for the bonfire tonight.
• The weight of his mistakes felt like a heavy lumber on his shoulders.

noun a place where lumber is stored and sold

• The lumberyard is where we source all of our building materials.
• I'm heading to the lumberyard to pick up some wood for the project.
• Let's swing by the lumberyard and grab some supplies real quick.
• His mind was like a cluttered lumberyard, filled with thoughts and memories.

noun a unit of measurement representing the amount of work done by one person in one hour

• The project manager estimated that the task would require 10 man hours to complete.
• We'll need a few more man hours to finish this job on time.
• I can't believe how many man hours we've put into this project already.
• The man hours spent on training will pay off in increased productivity.

verb to handle or treat roughly or aggressively

• The security guards were accused of manhandling the suspect during the arrest.
• Don't manhandle the fragile items while moving them.
• I saw him manhandle that bully in the schoolyard.
• The CEO manhandled the company's finances, leading to a significant loss.

noun a hole, usually with a cover, through which a person can enter a sewer, tunnel, or other underground structure

• The city workers were inspecting the manhole covers for any signs of damage.
• Be careful not to step on that manhole, it's not secure.
• Watch out for that manhole, you might fall in!
• He felt like he was stuck in a manhole of debt with no way out.

noun A person who works with stone, brick, or concrete to build structures

• The mason carefully laid each brick in perfect alignment to build the new library.
• My neighbor is a skilled mason who can fix just about anything around the house.
• Hey, that mason dude really knows how to work his magic with stones.
• She was a mason of words, crafting beautiful poems that touched the hearts of many.

noun the craft or occupation of a mason; work or structures built by a mason, especially with stone

• The ancient art of masonry involves the careful construction of stone or brick structures.
• My neighbor is a skilled masonry worker who built a beautiful stone wall in his backyard.
• I heard that new masonry job is really stacking up the cash.
• The masonry of his argument was so solid that no one could refute it.

noun a type of substance or matter

verb to create or produce something

adjective related to matter or substance; important or relevant

• The research paper is based on empirical material gathered from various sources.
• I need to gather some material for my presentation tomorrow.
• I found some dope material for my art project.
• His speech was filled with material that resonated with the audience.

noun a person or thing that molds or shapes something

verb to decay or disintegrate gradually

• Over time, the old documents began to molder in the damp basement.
• I found some old books moldering away in the attic.
• Don't leave that food out too long, or it'll start to molder.
• His ideas began to molder as he refused to adapt to new information.

noun a strip of material with a design or shape used for decoration or finishing

verb the process or act of shaping something using a mold or form

• The architect carefully designed the molding to complement the classical style of the building.
• I love the decorative molding in that old house, it adds so much character.
• Check out the cool molding in this place, it's lit!
• His experiences growing up in a rough neighborhood helped in molding him into a strong and resilient individual.

noun a strong vessel, typically made of ceramic or stone, used for mixing and holding substances such as cement or medicine

verb to bind or plaster with mortar

• The mason carefully applied the mortar between each brick to ensure a strong bond.
• I need to pick up some mortar from the store before we can finish the patio.
• I can't believe he tried to fix the wall with that cheap mortar, it's already falling apart.
• Their friendship acted as the mortar that held the group together through tough times.

verb to ruin or mess up something

adverb in a messy or disorganized manner

• It is imperative that we do not muck up the presentation with any errors.
• Don't muck up the party by arriving late.
• I really mucked up that job interview by forgetting my resume.
• His poor decisions mucked up the entire project.

verb to mess up or ruin something

adverb used to describe the action of messing something up

• The new employee mucked up the financial report by inputting incorrect data.
• I really mucked up my presentation at work today.
• I totally mucked up my chances with that girl I liked.
• His bad decisions really mucked up his life.

noun A person who does dirty or menial work; a laborer

verb To work as a laborer or in a dirty or menial job

• The two colleagues worked closely together as muckers on the construction site.
• Hey mucker, can you pass me that hammer?
• I've known that mucker since we were kids.
• In the world of politics, sometimes your biggest opponent can turn out to be your closest mucker.

verb As a verb, muddy means to make something dirty or covered in mud, or to make something unclear or confused.

adjective Muddy is an adjective that describes something covered or filled with mud, or something that is unclear or confused.

• The path became muddy after the heavy rain last night.
• I stepped in a muddy puddle on my way to work.
• My shoes are all muddy from walking through the field.
• The situation became muddy once more as conflicting reports emerged.

noun a small metal spike with a broadened flat head, driven typically into wood with a hammer to join things together or to serve as a peg or hook

verb to secure or finalize something, typically after much discussion or effort

• It is important to nail down all the details before finalizing the contract.
• Let's nail down the time for our meeting tomorrow.
• I need to nail down my plans for the weekend.
• She finally managed to nail down the elusive concept after hours of studying.

noun the hard outer covering at the end of a finger or toe

verb to fasten or secure with nails

• She carefully painted each nail with a different color polish.
• I need to trim my nails before they get too long.
• I love that nail art you got done at the salon.
• He really nailed the presentation at work today.

noun a laborer who works on a construction site or in excavation projects, typically performing heavy physical work

• The navvy worked diligently to dig the trench for the new water pipe.
• The navvy is always covered in dirt after a long day of construction work.
• Hey, that navvy over there is a hard worker, always getting the job done.
• She's a real navvy when it comes to tackling tough projects at work.

noun a separate building located near a main building, often used for storage or as a workspace

• The outbuilding on the property is used for storing gardening tools and equipment.
• We keep all our old bikes and camping gear in the outbuilding out back.
• Let's hang out in the outbuilding and have a few beers.
• The outbuilding of his mind was filled with memories of a simpler time.

noun a part of a structure that extends or hangs over

verb to project or extend over

adjective hanging or projecting over

• The overhang of the roof provided shade for the patio.
• Watch out for that overhang, you might bump your head!
• I love chilling under the overhang when it's hot outside.
• The overhang of debt was a constant worry for the struggling business.

verb to surpass or exceed a limit or boundary

adjective experiencing a situation where demand exceeds supply or capacity

• The construction project is facing delays due to the issue of overrunning costs.
• The party went on for so long that it ended up overrunning into the early hours of the morning.
• I can't believe how quickly my schedule is overrunning today.
• Her emotions were overrunning, making it difficult for her to keep a calm demeanor.

noun a group of musicians or sound engineers who record music or sound for a movie or television show.

verb to select people to serve on a panel for a specific purpose.

• The panel of experts discussed the latest research findings at the conference.
• We need to gather a panel to decide on the best course of action.
• The panel of judges was not impressed with the contestant's performance.
• The panel of colors on the wall creates a vibrant and dynamic look in the room.

noun a way or path that has been prepared or made easier to travel on

verb to prepare the way or make progress easier for something to happen

article used before a noun to specify something

• The new infrastructure project will pave the way for economic growth in the region.
• Her hard work and dedication paved the way for her promotion at work.
• His viral video really paved the way for his career in social media.
• Learning to play the piano at a young age can pave the way for a lifetime of musical enjoyment.

verb to cover or lay a road, walkway, or other area with a hard surface such as concrete or asphalt

• The city council decided to pave the road with asphalt to improve its condition.
• I heard they're going to pave the parking lot next week.
• Let's pave the way for a fun night out by getting some drinks first.
• Hard work and dedication will pave the path to success in your career.

noun a vertical joint in brickwork

verb to build or lay bricks in a vertical position

• The architect ensured that the columns were perfectly perpend to the ground.
• Make sure to perpend the shelves evenly so they don't look crooked.
• I tried to perpend the posters on my wall, but they kept falling off.
• His decision to perpend to the traditional values of his family caused quite a stir.

noun a large amount of something that has been placed in a heap or stack

verb to accumulate or increase in quantity or number

adjective none

adverb none

pronoun none

preposition none

conjunction none

interjection none

article none

• The papers continued to pile up on my desk as the deadline approached.
• I can't believe how quickly my laundry piles up when I don't do it regularly.
• I told my brother not to pile up the dishes in the sink like that.
• Emotions can pile up inside of us if we don't address them.

noun a collection of objects laid on top of each other

verb to place things in a pile

adjective describing a large amount or quantity

• The construction workers stacked the bricks neatly into a pile.
• Can you help me move this pile of books to the other room?
• I've got a pile of laundry to do this weekend.
• She felt like she had a pile of work on her desk to tackle.

noun a long, flat piece of timber, usually with a thickness greater than its width

verb to make a political speech or campaign in a direct and straightforward manner

• The carpenter used a sturdy oak plank to build the new bookshelf.
• I saw Jim struggling to balance on the plank at the construction site.
• Let's ditch this boring party and go hit the plank at the skate park.
• She walked the plank when she decided to confront her boss about his unethical behavior.

verb to cover or coat something completely with a substance, often in a messy or haphazard way

adjective a term used to describe someone who is extremely intoxicated or drunk

• The walls of the museum were plastered with famous works of art.
• He got so drunk at the party, he was completely plastered.
• I can't believe she plastered that embarrassing photo all over social media.
• The news of their breakup was plastered all over town within hours.

verb a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, in this case, the act of inserting or filling a hole or gap with something

• The technician is plugging in the power cord to start the machine.
• I'll be plugging in my phone to charge it up.
• I'm plugging away at my homework before the deadline.
• She's always plugging her business in conversations to get more clients.

noun a weight on a string used to determine verticality or depth

verb to measure the depth of something or to install something in a straight or vertical position

• The plumber used a plumb line to ensure the new pipe was perfectly straight.
• I need to call a plumber to fix the leak under my sink, it's beyond my plumb skills.
• I heard that new rapper's lyrics are so plumb, they're fire!
• She had to plumb the depths of her emotions to find the strength to forgive him.

noun a system of pipes and fixtures for the distribution of water or gas in a building, or for the disposal of sewage

• The plumbing in the new office building was installed by a team of professional plumbers.
• I need to call a plumber to fix the plumbing in my bathroom.
• I'm tired of dealing with this messed up plumbing in my house.
• The plumbing of the organization needs some serious restructuring to improve efficiency.

noun a type of wood panel composed of thin layers of wood veneer glued together

• The carpenter used plywood to build the shelves in the kitchen.
• I found a great deal on plywood at the hardware store.
• Let's grab some plywood and get this project started!
• She felt like her life was held together by a flimsy sheet of plywood.

noun the process of manufacturing or constructing something in advance, especially in standardized sections that are easily shipped and assembled on site

• The construction company utilized prefabrication techniques to speed up the building process.
• I heard they're using prefabrication to put up that new office building down the street.
• The crew is all about that prefabrication life to get things done faster.
• In her writing, the author used prefabrication of ideas to create a seamless narrative flow.

noun a downward movement or force

verb to bring something down by exerting force

• The architect decided to pull down the old building and construct a new one in its place.
• We should pull down that old fence and put up a new one.
• Let's pull down this joint and head to the party.
• Don't let negative thoughts pull you down, stay positive and keep moving forward.

verb to place or position something in a high or elevated position

adverb used to indicate the direction or location of placing something

• The company decided to put up a new office building in the city center.
• I'm going to put up some new curtains in my bedroom this weekend.
• Let's put up some posters for the concert around town.
• She always puts up a strong front, but I know she's struggling inside.

verb The act of causing extreme stress or discomfort

adjective Causing extreme stress or discomfort

• The racking of the wine must be done carefully to avoid disturbing the sediment.
• I hate racking up all the dishes after a big dinner party.
• My head is racking from all the loud music at the concert last night.
• The guilt of his actions was racking his conscience.

noun A sloping beam that supports a pitched roof

• The carpenters carefully measured and cut each rafter to ensure a precise fit in the roof structure.
• I almost tripped over a loose rafter in the attic while looking for the holiday decorations.
• I can't believe how strong those rafters are holding up the roof!
• The rafter of support from his friends helped him get through a difficult time in his life.

noun the act of lifting or increasing something

adjective pertaining to something that increases or elevates

• The organization is currently raising funds for a new community center.
• I heard Sarah is raising money for her school trip next summer.
• I'm raising cash for the concert tickets.
• The new policy is raising eyebrows among the employees.

verb to build again, to reconstruct

• The city council approved a plan to rebuild the old library.
• I heard they're going to rebuild that abandoned house down the street.
• Let's rebuild this friendship stronger than before.
• After the breakup, she needed time to rebuild herself.

noun the act or process of building something again after it has been damaged or destroyed

• The city council approved a budget for rebuilding the infrastructure after the natural disaster.
• They're finally starting the rebuilding process after the fire destroyed their home.
• We're gonna roll up our sleeves and get to rebuilding this place, no matter what it takes.
• Rebuilding my life after the divorce has been a slow but steady process.

verb to build again; to reconstruct or make improvements on something that has been damaged or destroyed

• The historic building was rebuilt using traditional construction methods.
• They rebuilt the old car from scratch and now it runs like new.
• After the storm, the whole town had to rebuild from the ground up.
• She rebuilt her life after the divorce, focusing on her career and personal growth.

verb to change the structure or form of something, typically by renovating or improving it

• The company decided to remodel their office space to create a more modern and functional work environment.
• We're planning to remodel the kitchen next month to give it a fresh new look.
• Let's totally remodel this place and make it lit!
• She decided to remodel her life by making healthier choices and surrounding herself with positive influences.

verb to restore to a good state of repair; to make new again; to improve by repairing or remodeling

• The company decided to renovate their office building to improve efficiency and aesthetics.
• We're planning to renovate the kitchen next month, so we'll have to eat out a lot in the meantime.
• My parents are finally going to renovate our old house - it's about time!
• She decided to renovate her life by quitting her job and traveling the world.

noun a process of improving a broken, damaged, or outdated structure or system

• The renovation of the historic building was carefully planned and executed.
• We're thinking about doing a renovation on the kitchen next month.
• I heard they're doing a reno on their place to fix it up.
• After the therapy sessions, she felt like her mind had undergone a complete renovation.

noun a wall used to support or retain soil or water on one side

• The retaining wall was constructed to prevent soil erosion in the hilly area.
• They built a retaining wall to stop the soil from sliding down the slope.
• We put up a big wall to hold back the dirt on the hill.
• Sometimes we need a mental retaining wall to keep negative thoughts from overwhelming us.

verb to forcefully remove something by tearing or pulling it out

• The contractor had to rip out the old wiring before installing the new electrical system.
• I had to rip out the weeds in my garden before planting new flowers.
• I'm going to rip out this old carpet and put in hardwood floors instead.
• She felt like someone had ripped out her heart when she found out he had been cheating on her.

noun the structure forming the upper covering of a building or vehicle

• The roof of the building was made of durable materials to withstand harsh weather conditions.
• Let's hang out on the roof and enjoy the view.
• I can't believe you climbed up on the roof to get a better look!
• The roof of his emotions finally caved in after years of holding everything in.

verb to cover or provide with a roof

• The roofed structure provided shelter from the rain.
• We had a great time under the roofed area at the party.
• Let's hang out in the roofed spot over there.
• His mind was roofed with doubt, preventing him from making a decision.

noun the materials used for constructing or covering a roof

• The roofing on the new house is made of durable materials to withstand harsh weather conditions.
• I heard that Joe's brother is getting into the roofing business.
• Let's hire someone to fix up the roofing on our garage before it starts leaking.
• The roofing of our company represents the protection and stability it provides to its employees.

noun a preliminary or initial version or sketch of something

adverb in a rough or approximate manner

• The architect will rough out the initial design before finalizing the blueprints.
• Let's rough out a plan for the weekend trip before we start packing.
• We need to rough out the details of the party before we invite anyone.
• It's important to rough out your goals before starting a new project.

noun an area of disturbed or uneven ground; rough terrain

adjective having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level

• The rough terrain made it difficult for the hikers to navigate.
• I had a rough day at work today.
• That party was a bit rough, but we still had fun.
• Going through a rough patch in a relationship can be challenging.

noun a coarse plaster used to finish exterior walls

verb to cover with roughcast

• The roughcast finish on the exterior walls provides a textured appearance.
• I like the roughcast look on that old building.
• That roughcast job looks pretty rough, dude.
• Her roughcast exterior hid a kind and gentle soul within.

verb to make or become rough or rougher in texture or surface

• The sandpaper was used to roughen the surface of the wood before painting.
• I roughened up the edges of the paper to give it a more rustic look.
• I roughened my hair with some gel to get that messy look.
• The challenges of life can roughen us, but they also make us stronger.

noun waste or rough fragments of stone, brick, concrete, etc., especially as the debris from the demolition of buildings

• The earthquake left behind a trail of destruction, with buildings reduced to rubble.
• After the demolition, all that was left was a pile of rubble.
• The construction site was a mess, with rubble everywhere.
• Despite the setbacks, they were able to rebuild from the rubble of their failed project.

noun a practical and approximate way of doing or measuring something

• In engineering, a common rule of thumb is to use a safety factor of at least 2.
• A good rule of thumb for cooking pasta is to use 1 liter of water for every 100 grams of pasta.
• The rule of thumb for picking the best produce is to go for the ones that look the freshest.
• When it comes to relationships, a good rule of thumb is to always communicate openly and honestly.

noun a step or stage in a process or series

verb past participle of ring, meaning to make a clear, resonant sound or to call someone on the phone

• She carefully climbed up each rung of the ladder to reach the top.
• I almost slipped on the wet rung of the ladder while cleaning the gutters.
• He's always trying to climb the corporate ladder, stepping on anyone who gets in his way.
• Each rung of success brings him closer to his ultimate goal.

noun a temporary structure used to support workers and materials during the construction or repair of buildings and other large structures

• The workers erected a sturdy scaffold to support the construction of the new building.
• We need to set up the scaffold before we can start working on the roof.
• Hey, can you pass me that thingamajig so I can fix this scaffold?
• Education serves as a scaffold for personal growth and development.

verb to perform a task hastily or carelessly in order to save time or effort

• The contractor was accused of scamping on the construction project, cutting corners to save money.
• I heard that he's been scamping on his homework, copying answers from the internet.
• She's always scamping on her chores, finding ways to avoid doing them.
• The politician was accused of scamping on his promises, not following through with his commitments.

verb to manage to survive or progress with difficulty

adverb in a manner that involves difficulty or struggle

• The company was struggling to scrape along during the economic downturn.
• We're just trying to scrape along until payday.
• I don't know how we're going to scrape along with these high prices.
• Despite facing many obstacles, she managed to scrape along and achieve her goals.

noun a flat panel or area on which pictures or words are shown

verb to examine or test

• The technician carefully cleaned the screen of the computer monitor.
• Can you please wipe the screen of my phone? It's so dirty.
• I accidentally cracked the screen on my tablet, it's totally messed up now.
• She put up a screen to hide her true emotions from everyone else.

noun a mistake or error

verb to make a mistake or mess up

adverb in a manner that results in a mistake or error

• It is important to double check your work to avoid any potential screw up.
• I really hope I don't screw up this presentation tomorrow.
• I always manage to screw up when I'm under pressure.
• Life is like a puzzle, one wrong move can really screw up everything.

verb to close or block off a place or entrance with a seal or barrier

• The police had to seal off the area to conduct a thorough investigation.
• They had to seal off the street for repairs.
• The party got so wild that the cops had to seal off the whole block.
• She decided to seal off her emotions and not let anyone see how she truly felt.

noun a marine mammal that lives in the water and on land

verb to close or block off a place or opening tightly

• The documents were sealed up in an airtight container for safekeeping.
• I sealed up the package with tape before sending it out.
• I told him to seal up his mouth and stop spreading rumors.
• She tried to seal up her emotions, but they eventually overflowed.

noun a reversal or check in progress

verb to hinder or impede progress

• The unexpected delay in the project has caused a significant set back in our timeline.
• The setback in the construction work is really frustrating.
• The setback in our plans totally sucks.
• Facing a setback is like taking one step back before moving two steps forward.

noun a reversal or check in progress; a change from better to worse

verb to slow the progress of; hinder

• The project faced a major setback when the main supplier backed out at the last minute.
• I had a setback with my car when the tire blew out on the highway.
• I experienced a setback when I failed my driving test for the third time.
• After the setback of losing her job, she decided to start her own business.

noun a small, roughly built house or shelter

• The fisherman lived in a small shack by the river.
• Let's hang out at my friend's shack by the beach.
• I found a cool shack in the woods to chill at.
• His mind felt like a rundown shack after the long day.

noun a protective covering or case

verb to cover or encase with a protective covering

• The sheathing on the electrical wires provides insulation and protection.
• Sheathing is like a protective cover for the wires.
• Make sure the sheathing on those cables is intact.
• Her calm demeanor was like a sheathing, hiding the turmoil within.

adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun, in this case, 'shingled' describes a noun as having shingles or being covered in shingles

• The roof of the house was shingled with high-quality materials to ensure durability.
• I'm thinking about getting my roof shingled next summer.
• I heard Bob shingled his roof himself over the weekend.
• Her words were like shingled stones, each one carefully placed to build a strong argument.

verb an action word that indicates a physical or mental action, or a state of being

• The earthquake shook the entire city, causing widespread damage.
• I was so nervous before my presentation that my hands shook the entire time.
• When I heard the news, I was shook to my core.
• The unexpected turn of events shook my belief in humanity.

noun a shot or attempt at scoring in a game or sport

verb to discharge a missile from a weapon or to score in a game or sport

• The photographer will shoot the portraits in the studio.
• Let's shoot some hoops at the park later.
• I heard he can shoot like a pro on the court.
• She shot down his idea during the meeting.

verb to support or reinforce something, especially a structure or institution, in order to prevent collapse or failure

• The government decided to shore up the economy by implementing new policies.
• We need to shore up our defenses before the big game.
• Let's shore up our plans for the party this weekend.
• He tried to shore up his argument with more evidence.

noun a person who watches or oversees a construction project from the sidelines, often offering unsolicited advice or criticism

• The sidewalk superintendent observed the construction project from a distance, taking notes on the progress.
• I felt like a sidewalk superintendent as I watched the workers build the new house next door.
• My dad thinks he's a sidewalk superintendent, always giving advice to the construction workers.
• She's a sidewalk superintendent when it comes to managing other people's relationships, always offering unsolicited advice.

noun a thick, flat piece of a solid material such as stone, wood, or metal

verb not applicable

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• The construction workers carefully laid the concrete slab for the foundation of the building.
• I accidentally dropped my phone and cracked the screen on the concrete slab.
• Let's go hang out on that cool slab of rock by the river.
• She felt like a heavy slab of guilt weighing down on her conscience.

verb to satisfy (thirst, desire, etc.)

• The scientist conducted an experiment to slake the thirst of his curiosity.
• I need to slake my thirst with a cold glass of water.
• I'm going to slake my craving for pizza tonight.
• Reading a good book can slake the hunger of the mind.

adjective done hastily or carelessly; sloppy

adverb in a hasty or careless manner

• The report was completed in a slapdash manner, with many errors and inconsistencies.
• He always does his homework in a slapdash way, just rushing through it without much thought.
• She threw together a slapdash outfit for the party, but somehow still managed to look cool.
• His slapdash approach to life often leads to missed opportunities and regrets.

noun a preliminary or initial stage of work, especially in preparation for further development or progress

• The success of the project was largely due to the thorough spadework done by the research team.
• Before we can start the fun part of the project, we need to do all the spadework first.
• I can't believe how much spadework we had to do just to get this party organized.
• She knew that the spadework of building a successful career would require dedication and hard work.

noun an extra item or amount that is available in case it is needed

verb to refrain from harming or destroying; to give up or part with something; to use or give out only in limited amounts

• I always keep a spare set of keys in case I lose the original.
• Do you have a spare pen I could borrow for a minute?
• I can't believe he didn't spare any change for the homeless man.
• She had no spare time in her busy schedule for any additional tasks.

noun a unsteady movement or gait

verb to walk or move unsteadily

adjective having an unsteady or unbalanced appearance

• The hiker began to stagger as he made his way up the steep mountain trail.
• After too many drinks, he started to stagger around the party.
• I saw him stagger out of the bar last night, totally wasted.
• The company's profits began to stagger after the economic downturn.

noun an upright bar, post, or frame forming a support or barrier

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• The stanchion on the ship helped support the heavy anchor.
• I accidentally bumped into the stanchion at the concert.
• Don't lean on that stanchion, it's not very sturdy.
• The stanchion of truth held up against the waves of lies.

noun a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea

verb a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being

adverb a word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence

• Please stay put while I go get the manager to assist you.
• Just stay put for a minute, I'll be right back.
• Hey, dude, stay put and chill for a bit.
• In times of uncertainty, it's best to stay put and wait for things to settle down.

noun a hard, strong, gray or bluish-gray alloy of iron with carbon and usually other elements, used extensively as a structural and fabricating material

verb None

adjective None

adverb None

pronoun None

preposition None

conjunction None

interjection None

article None

• The steel industry plays a crucial role in the economy.
• I love the look of steel jewelry.
• That car is totally steel - it's so cool!
• She had a heart of steel, never showing any emotion.

noun A tool used for cutting or carving stone

• The stonecutter meticulously carved intricate designs into the marble.
• The stonecutter is working on a beautiful statue for the park.
• That stonecutter has some serious skills with a chisel.
• She was a master stonecutter when it came to shaping her own destiny.

noun the act or process of cutting or shaping stone

adjective describing the activity or process of cutting or shaping stone

• Stonecutting is a skilled craft that requires precision and attention to detail.
• My neighbor's son is learning stonecutting as a trade.
• I heard stonecutting is a cool gig if you're into working with your hands.
• In the world of business, strategic planning is like the stonecutting of success.

adjective strong and sturdy in build or stature

• The strapping young man helped carry the heavy boxes.
• That strapping guy is so strong!
• Check out that strapping dude over there!
• The team is strapping themselves in for a tough competition.

noun a stubby object or person

adjective describing something as short and thick

• The carpenter used a stubby pencil to mark the measurements on the wood.
• I found a stubby little pen in my bag that still works.
• He's always carrying around a stubby little knife in his pocket.
• Her stubby fingers struggled to grasp the tiny beads.

noun a male animal, especially a horse, that is kept for breeding purposes

• The studious student spent hours in the library studying for his exams.
• Hey, are you coming to the study session with the studious group later?
• That guy is a total stud, he's always acing his tests without even trying.
• She's a real stud when it comes to problem-solving, she always finds a way to fix things.

noun the quality of being strong or robust

adjective sturdy (related to sturdiness)

• The sturdiness of the bridge was tested by engineers before opening it to the public.
• I was impressed by the sturdiness of the new furniture we bought for the living room.
• That old car may not look like much, but it's got some serious sturdiness to it.
• Her mental sturdiness helped her navigate through the tough times with grace.

noun a document or item that is submitted for consideration or approval

• The submittal of the project proposal was due by the end of the week.
• Don't forget to send in your submittal for the contest before the deadline.
• I finally got around to sending in my submittal for the job application.
• Her submittal of ideas to the team helped to spark new innovations.

noun the action or process of emerging or coming to the surface

verb present participle of the verb 'surface', which means to rise or come to the surface of water or land

• The issue of climate change is surfacing as a major concern among world leaders.
• I heard some rumors about a new scandal surfacing in the office.
• I can't believe that old photo of you surfing is surfacing on social media!
• His emotions were surfacing as he struggled to keep his composure during the speech.

verb to overwhelm or flood with water

adjective overwhelmed with an excessive amount of work or tasks

• The office was swamped with paperwork after the long weekend.
• I'm feeling swamped with all these assignments piling up.
• I'm totally swamped with work this week, I can't hang out.
• Her mind was swamped with thoughts of what could go wrong.

noun a tool used for packing or flattening something down, such as tobacco in a pipe or gunpowder in a cartridge

• The technician carefully used a special tool to tamp down the soil around the newly planted tree.
• Hey, can you tamp down the coffee grounds in the espresso machine before brewing?
• I always tamp down my skateboard tricks before trying to land them.
• She tried to tamp down her excitement before the big announcement.

verb to fail or be unsuccessful, especially in a dramatic or sudden way

• The stock market tanked after the economic report was released.
• The team's performance tanked in the second half of the game.
• I heard his relationship with his girlfriend tanked after the argument.
• Her confidence tanked after receiving criticism from her boss.

noun a long, narrow strip of material used for binding or fastening items together

verb to fasten or attach with tape

• The technician used a special tape to secure the wires in place.
• Can you pass me the tape so I can wrap this gift?
• I always keep a roll of tape in my bag just in case.
• Her words were like tape, holding the group together during the difficult times.

noun a gradual decrease in thickness or width

verb to diminish or decrease gradually

• The doctor advised the patient to gradually taper off the medication to avoid any adverse effects.
• I'm going to taper my workout routine to prevent any injuries.
• I need to taper my spending this month and save some money.
• As the conversation continued, his voice began to taper off into a whisper.

noun a physical action of demolishing or destroying a structure

verb to demolish or destroy a structure

• The city council voted to tear down the old building and construct a new library in its place.
• We should tear down this old shed and make room for a new garden.
• Let's tear down this party and head to the beach instead.
• Sometimes you need to tear down old beliefs in order to grow and learn.

noun a drop of clear salty liquid secreted by glands in a person's eye when they cry

verb to forcefully remove or pull something out

adverb used to describe the act of forcefully removing or pulling something out

preposition used to indicate the action of forcefully removing or pulling something out

• The contractor had to tear out the old flooring before installing the new tiles.
• I'm going to tear out this old wallpaper and give the room a fresh look.
• Let's tear out of here before the party gets too boring.
• The heartbreaking news seemed to tear out a piece of her soul.

noun a dull, heavy sound, such as that made by an object hitting a surface

verb to strike or beat something with a heavy sound

• The sound of a loud thump echoed through the empty hallway.
• I heard a thump coming from the basement, probably just the cat knocking something over.
• I felt a thump in my chest when I saw my crush walk by.
• The news of the company's bankruptcy hit me like a thump in the chest.

noun a difficult or challenging situation

• The narrow hallway created a tight squeeze for the guests trying to pass through.
• I had to suck in my stomach to make it through that tight squeeze in the doorway.
• Man, that was a real tight squeeze getting the car into that parking spot.
• Trying to meet all the project deadlines was like navigating through a tight squeeze.

noun a person who works hard and persistently

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• The toiler worked diligently in the factory, ensuring all tasks were completed on time.
• The toiler put in long hours at the office to finish the project before the deadline.
• The toiler hustled hard to make ends meet and support their family.
• She was a toiler in the garden, tending to the plants with care and dedication.

noun a small amount of something that is added to make it complete or perfect

• The construction workers were topping off the building with the final layer of concrete.
• I'm just topping off my coffee before we head out.
• Let's top off this night with some late-night pizza.
• His promotion was the perfect topping off to a successful year.

noun a framework consisting of a horizontal beam supported by two pairs of sloping legs, used to support a bridge or platform

• The workers constructed a sturdy trestle to support the weight of the bridge.
• We sat on the trestle by the river and watched the sunset.
• Let's hang out on the trestle and chill for a bit.
• The trestle of friendship held strong through all the ups and downs.

noun a successful person who has a great deal of power or influence

verb to produce a sound loudly and forcefully, like a trumpet

• The trump card in negotiations is always keeping a cool head.
• I heard that Sarah's new promotion is a real trump for her career.
• Did you see that guy's new car? It's totally trump!
• Her infectious laughter was the trump that lifted everyone's spirits.

noun a word that functions as the name of a specific person, place, thing, or idea

adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence

article a word that is used to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness of a noun

• The new highway project is currently under construction.
• Sorry, the website is still under construction.
• The new skate park is still a work in progress.
• Her career plans are still under construction, but she's making progress.

noun a cut or notch made underneath something

verb to offer goods or services at a lower price than a competitor

• The company decided to undercut their competitors by offering lower prices.
• I heard that store always undercuts their prices during the holidays.
• I'm going to undercut that guy in the auction to get the item for a lower price.
• Her sharp wit always seems to undercut his arguments in debates.

noun a system of supports beneath a structure; a foundation or basis

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• The theoretical framework is the underpinning of this research study.
• The strong foundation underpins the success of the project.
• The support system is what's holding everything together.
• Trust is the underpinning of any healthy relationship.

noun a system of supports beneath a structure; a foundation or basis for something

• The research paper explores the theoretical underpinnings of the economic model.
• She didn't understand the underpinnings of the argument.
• I'm still trying to wrap my head around the underpinnings of this theory.
• The underpinnings of their relationship were strong, despite facing many challenges.

adjective not level or smooth; irregular

adverb unevenly

• The surface of the road was very uneven, making it difficult to drive on.
• The table is uneven, so be careful not to spill your drink.
• Her haircut looks so uneven, like she did it herself.
• The distribution of wealth in the country is uneven, with a small percentage of people holding the majority of the wealth.

noun A person, place, thing, or idea.

verb A word that expresses an action or a state of being.

adjective A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

adverb A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

• The project was left unfinish due to unforeseen circumstances.
• I left my homework unfinish because I got distracted.
• I totally unfinish that show last night, it was so boring.
• Her emotions were left unfinish, unresolved and lingering in the air.

adjective not skillful or clever with the hands; awkward or clumsy

• She found the new tool to be quite unhandy for the task at hand.
• I always struggle with using this unhandy remote control.
• That unhandy gadget is such a pain to deal with.
• His unhandy way of expressing himself often leads to misunderstandings.

adjective mentally unbalanced or disturbed; deranged

• The politician's behavior became increasingly unhinged during the debate.
• She was acting totally unhinged at the party last night.
• He's always been a bit unhinged, if you ask me.
• The movie's plot took an unhinged turn towards the end.

verb to raise up or lift upwards

• The artist used a crane to uprear the large sculpture in the town square.
• I watched as the workers upreared the tent for the outdoor event.
• Let's uprear this project and get it done before the deadline.
• The leader's charisma and passion upreared the spirits of the team during a difficult time.

noun an upright post or structure

adjective vertical, erect, or straight up

adverb in or into a vertical position

• The sculpture stood upright in the center of the gallery.
• He sat upright in his chair, eager to hear the news.
• She's always so upright, never bending the rules.
• Despite facing many challenges, she remained upright and resilient.

noun a vertical structure typically dividing or enclosing an area

verb to enclose or surround with a wall

• The architect decided to include a glass wall in the design to allow natural light to flow into the space.
• I'm thinking about putting up a new photo wall in my bedroom.
• Let's paint a mural on that blank wall in the alley.
• She built an emotional wall in order to protect herself from getting hurt.

noun a solid structure that defines and sometimes protects an area

verb to enclose or divide with a wall

• The architect designed a beautiful marble wall to surround the garden.
• I'm thinking of painting the wall in the living room a bright color.
• Let's tag our names on that wall over there.
• Breaking down the wall of silence between us was a huge relief.

noun a place where a road or railway has been washed away by flooding

• The heavy rain caused a washout of the roads, leading to traffic delays.
• I forgot to bring my umbrella and got caught in a complete washout on my way home.
• The party was a total washout, nobody showed up.
• The team's performance was a washout, they lost every game of the season.

verb to insert or fit tightly between two objects or spaces

adverb used to describe the manner in which something is inserted or fitted tightly

• I need to wedge in this piece of wood to secure the structure.
• Let's wedge in a quick coffee break before we start the meeting.
• I managed to wedge in some time for a quick workout at the gym.
• She always finds a way to wedge in her opinion, no matter the topic.

verb to insert or fix tightly into a narrow space

adjective having the shape of a wedge; being stuck or jammed in a narrow space

• The door was wedged shut, making it difficult to open.
• I accidentally wedged my foot in between the couch cushions.
• I wedged myself into the packed subway car during rush hour.
• Her schedule was so busy that she felt wedged between work and family commitments.

noun a source of supply; a place where water can be drawn

adjective in good health; free or recovered from illness

adverb in a good or satisfactory way

• She performed exceptionally well in the exam, scoring the highest marks in the class.
• He did really well in the game, leading his team to victory.
• I aced that test so well, I'm on cloud nine!
• The project is coming together well, like a well-oiled machine.

adjective describing someone or something as being physically strong and sturdy in build

• The architect designed a well-built structure that could withstand extreme weather conditions.
• That new gym instructor is well-built; I bet they work out every day.
• Dang, that car is well-built! It can handle any road you throw at it.
• Her argument was well-built, with strong evidence to support her claims.

noun a substance used for whitening walls or other surfaces, typically made from a mixture of lime and water

verb to cover with whitewash; to attempt to conceal or gloss over faults or mistakes

• The company was accused of attempting to whitewash their unethical business practices.
• I can't believe they tried to whitewash the whole situation!
• They're just trying to whitewash their mess.
• He tried to whitewash his mistakes, but everyone could still see the truth.

noun the skill or quality of work done on a product or piece of art

• The workmanship of the handmade furniture was impeccable.
• I can't believe the workmanship on this car, it's amazing!
• The workmanship on these sneakers is top-notch.
• Her workmanship in the kitchen is like a work of art.

noun a person who constructs or repairs something, such as a shipwright or playwright

• The wright carefully crafted each piece of furniture by hand.
• My friend is a talented wright who can build anything out of wood.
• That wright is a real pro at fixing cars in no time.
• She was the wright of her own destiny, shaping her future with every decision.

noun a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea

verb a word that expresses an action or state of being

adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence

• The dragging site was carefully marked out by the archaeologists before any excavation work began.
• I heard there's a dragging site near the old church, wanna check it out?
• Let's go hang out at the dragging site and see if we find anything cool.
• The abandoned factory felt like a dragging site, filled with memories of the past.

verb to strike or drive with great force

• The ship rammed into the dock, causing significant damage.
• The car rammed into the back of the truck.
• He got so angry that he just rammed his fist into the wall.
• The new information rammed into her mind, causing a sudden realization.

noun A unit of weight equal to 16 ounces

verb To crush or grind something into small pieces or a powder

• The chef instructed his sous chef to pound up the spices in a mortar and pestle.
• I'm going to pound up this chicken breast to make it thinner for the recipe.
• I watched him pound up the weights at the gym like a beast.
• The news of the scandal really caused the stock prices to pound up quickly.

noun a latch or bolt for fastening a door or gate

verb to fasten or secure with a snib

• She carefully turned the snib on the door to make sure it was securely locked.
• Don't forget to flick the snib before you leave the house.
• I couldn't get the door open because the snib was stuck.
• His mind was like a snib, difficult to unlock and understand.

noun a situation or event that involves strong emotions or conflict

verb to rip or shred something into pieces

• The contract clearly states that any attempt to tear-up the agreement will result in legal consequences.
• I can't believe you're going to tear-up your ticket to the concert, that's such a waste!
• I'm ready to tear-up the dance floor at the party tonight!
• Watching the emotional movie made me tear-up at the end.

noun a type of traditional bread from Mexico, usually made with corn masa and filled with various ingredients such as meat, cheese, or vegetables

• The pandol was carefully constructed to support the weight of the bridge during construction.
• I heard they're bringing in a pandol to help with the roadwork on Main Street.
• Let's set up the pandol before we start working on the roof.
• The pandol of support from her friends helped her through a difficult time.

noun a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea

verb a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence

adverb a word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence

article a word that is used to specify a noun, such as 'the', 'a', or 'an'

• The painter decided to lay it on with a trowel to ensure a thick and even coat of paint.
• He really laid it on with a trowel when telling his exaggerated fishing story.
• She always lays it on with a trowel when talking about her accomplishments.
• The politician tends to lay it on with a trowel when making promises during the campaign.

verb to incline or bend from a vertical position

adverb in a manner that involves leaning out

• The architect instructed the workers to lean out of the window to get a better view of the construction site.
• I like to lean out of my car window and feel the wind in my hair when I drive down the highway.
• I saw him lean out of the car and give a thumbs up as they drove past.
• Sometimes you have to lean out of your comfort zone to experience new things in life.

noun a list of items that need to be fixed or completed, typically in construction or renovation projects

• The contractor provided us with a detailed snag list of all the issues that needed to be addressed before the project could be considered complete.
• I made a snag list of all the things that need fixing around the house.
• I gotta tackle that snag list before the landlord comes for an inspection.
• Addressing the snag list of obstacles in his path, he was able to finally reach his goals.

adjective describing the rough or unpolished quality of something

preposition indicating the area or aspect where the roughness is present

• The new employee's presentation was a bit rough around the edges, but showed potential.
• The old house is a little rough around the edges, but it has character.
• His jokes are a bit rough around the edges, but they always make me laugh.
• Despite being rough around the edges, the diamond still sparkled beautifully.

noun a hole or opening in a wall or partition, especially one through which a man can insert his penis to engage in anonymous sexual activity on the other side

• The maintenance crew discovered a glory hole in the wall of the old building.
• I heard there's a secret glory hole in the bathroom at the bar down the street.
• Some people believe that a glory hole is a sign of a well-used restroom.
• The artist saw the crack in the wall as a potential glory hole for creative inspiration.

noun a male given name

• Brad is a dedicated employee who always meets his deadlines.
• I heard Brad is throwing a party this weekend, are you going?
• Brad is such a cool dude, I love hanging out with him.
• Brad's leadership shines like a beacon in our team.

noun a furnace or oven used to process limestone to produce lime

• The historical limekiln was meticulously restored to its original state.
• Let's go explore the old limekiln down by the river.
• I heard there's some cool graffiti at the abandoned limekiln site.
• His anger burned like a limekiln, fierce and unrelenting.

noun a large amount or quantity of something

• The company received a bucketload of applications for the job opening.
• I've got a bucketload of homework to do tonight.
• She's got a bucketload of attitude, watch out.
• After the rainstorm, the river had a bucketload of water flowing through it.

noun a unit of measurement equal to half of an inch

• The carpenter measured the board and cut it to a precise half-inch length.
• I only need a half-inch more to finish this project.
• I'll just eyeball it and cut off about a half-inch.
• She was only a half-inch away from winning the race.

noun a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea

verb a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being

adverb a word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb

pronoun a word that takes the place of a noun

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence

article a word that is used to specify a noun as definite or indefinite

• Before we begin the project, please remember to roll up your sleeves to avoid getting them dirty.
• Hey, let's roll up our sleeves and get this job done!
• Time to roll up your sleeves and hustle, no more slacking off!
• When faced with a challenge, it's time to roll up your sleeves and tackle it head-on.

noun a thin outer covering or layer that can be removed from something

verb to remove or pull back a thin outer covering or layer

• In order to inspect the inner workings of the machine, you must carefully peel back the outer casing.
• Hey, can you help me peel back the sticker on this new gadget?
• I love watching those videos where they peel back the layers of drama on reality TV shows.
• It's important to peel back the layers of a complex issue to truly understand it.

noun a container typically made of metal or plastic and used for holding or carrying liquids or other materials

• The workers used a bucket to collect water samples for testing.
• Can you pass me that bucket so I can wash the car?
• Let's hit up the beach and bring a bucket for collecting seashells.
• She felt like she was carrying a bucket of emotions that she couldn't contain.

noun a drop of clear salty liquid secreted by glands in a person's eye when they cry or when the eye is irritated

verb to move very quickly and in a way that causes damage

preposition to move through something quickly and forcefully

• The hurricane's strong winds were able to tear through the city, causing widespread damage.
• I watched as the kids tore through the pile of presents on Christmas morning.
• The new rapper's lyrics can tear through any competition in the music industry.
• Her words had the power to tear through his heart, leaving him feeling broken.

noun a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea

verb a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being

adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence

article a word that specifies a noun as definite or indefinite

• The ball is on the slates, which may cause damage to the roofing material.
• Oh no, the ball is on the slates again, someone needs to get it down before it causes any damage.
• Dude, the ball is on the slates, we gotta grab it before it falls off.
• Just like the ball on the slates, sometimes we find ourselves in precarious situations that require careful handling.

noun a combination of the words 'best' and 'estimate', used to describe a highly accurate or ideal estimate

• The bestimate for the project completion date is by the end of next month.
• I'd say the bestimate for how long it will take is about two weeks.
• Let's just take a wild guess and make a bestimate on when the party will end.
• His bestimate of the situation was way off the mark.

noun a repair or renovation of a building, structure, or vehicle

• The renovation of the historic building will begin next month.
• We're planning to fix up the house next weekend.
• Let's spruce up the place with a little remont.
• Sometimes, a remont of our mindset is necessary for personal growth.

noun a person or company that is responsible for the complete installation or construction of a project that is ready for immediate use

verb not applicable

adjective of or relating to the provision of a product or service that is ready for immediate use

adverb not applicable

pronoun not applicable

preposition not applicable

conjunction not applicable

interjection not applicable

article not applicable

• The company offers turnkey solutions for businesses looking to streamline their operations.
• I hired a turnkey service to handle all the renovations on my house.
• Let's just go with a turnkey option and not worry about the details.
• She wanted a turnkey relationship where everything was taken care of for her.

noun a place where bricks are made or stored

• The brickyard was a key supplier of building materials for the construction project.
• We used to hang out by the old brickyard after school.
• Let's meet up at the brickyard for a chill sesh.
• Her mind was like a brickyard, full of solid and unchanging ideas.

noun material used to refill an excavated area or hole

verb to refill an excavated area or hole with material

• The construction crew used backfill to fill in the trench after laying the utility lines.
• We need to backfill the hole in the backyard before the party tomorrow.
• Hey, can you help me backfill this project before the deadline?
• She tried to backfill her lack of experience with confidence during the interview.

noun a pipe of metal, usually of large diameter, for conveying smoke or hot gases from a furnace, fireplace, or the like to a chimney

verb not applicable

adjective not applicable

adverb not applicable

pronoun not applicable

preposition not applicable

conjunction not applicable

interjection not applicable

article not applicable

• The stovepipe in the kitchen was properly ventilated to ensure safety while cooking.
• I accidentally knocked over the stovepipe while cleaning the kitchen.
• Don't touch that stovepipe, it's hot!
• His ideas were like a stovepipe, narrow and rigid in their approach.

noun a foolish or worthless person

• The cleaning crew will be coming in to scrub the floors and remove any putz left behind.
• Don't be such a putz and help me with this project.
• He's always acting like a putz, thinking he's better than everyone else.
• She putz around the house all day, never getting anything done.

noun a temporary mold or structure used to hold wet concrete in the desired shape until it hardens

• The construction workers carefully assembled the formwork before pouring the concrete.
• Make sure you set up the formwork correctly so the concrete doesn't spill everywhere.
• I'll help you with the formwork, just give me a shout.
• Setting up the formwork is like laying the groundwork for a successful project.

noun a person who is in charge of a gang of workers, especially in the construction industry

• The ganger oversaw the construction project and ensured that everything was completed according to the plans.
• The ganger told us to take a break while he checked on the progress of the work.
• The ganger is the one who calls the shots on the job site.
• In a way, the ganger is like the captain of a ship, guiding the crew towards their goal.

noun a word that functions as the name of a specific thing, such as 'dust'

verb a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, such as 'kick'

preposition a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, such as 'up'

• The construction work next door is causing the workers to kick up a lot of dust.
• I accidentally kicked up a dust storm while cleaning out the garage.
• The argument between the two friends really kicked up a dust in the neighborhood.
• The scandal caused by the politician really kicked up a dust in the media.

noun a supporting structure consisting of a framework of light beams or slender bars

verb to support or cross with a truss or trusses

• The old bridge was made of sturdy trustle beams.
• I sat on the trustle by the river and watched the sunset.
• Let's hang out on the trustle and chill.
• Their relationship was built on a trustle of honesty and loyalty.

noun a slang term for a heavy blow or strike

• The tonking of the drum created a rhythmic pattern in the music.
• I heard you tonking on the table with your pencil during the meeting.
• Stop tonking around and focus on your work.
• Her words tonked like a hammer on his fragile ego.

noun the action of removing clothing or covering from something

verb present participle of the verb 'strip', which means to remove clothing or covering from something

• The process of stripping the old paint off the walls can be quite time-consuming.
• I'm thinking of stripping down this old table and giving it a fresh coat of paint.
• She's really good at stripping, she's been doing it for years.
• He's slowly stripping away her defenses with his charm.

noun abbreviation for 'Bill of Quantities', a document used in construction projects to list all the materials, labor, and costs required for the project

• The BOQ for the construction project has been finalized and approved by the client.
• Have you seen the BOQ document for the renovation project yet?
• Let's make sure the BOQ is on point before we start any work.
• The detailed BOQ acts as a roadmap for the project's cost estimation and control.

noun a project or plan that is fully prepared and ready to start

adjective describing something that is ready to begin immediately or without delay, typically referring to a construction project

• The government announced a new initiative to fund shovel-ready infrastructure projects.
• We need to find some shovel-ready projects to work on this summer.
• Let's get our hands dirty with some shovel-ready jobs.
• After months of planning, the team finally had a shovel-ready strategy to implement.

noun a process of making something barbaric or primitive again

• The rebarbarisation of the legal system aims to streamline and improve efficiency.
• They're talking about rebarbarisation of the process, but I'm not sure what that means.
• I heard they're planning some rebarbarisation of the rules around here.
• The rebarbarisation of the company's policies is like cutting away the unnecessary clutter to reveal a sleeker operation.

noun a joint or connection between two parts that is not aligned or continuous

• The abjoint between the two buildings was reinforced to ensure structural stability.
• I tripped over the abjoint in the sidewalk and almost fell.
• Watch out for that abjoint, it's a real ankle-twister.
• The abjoint in their relationship caused tension and distance between them.

noun a word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things

adverb a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb

preposition a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause

article a particular item or object, typically one of a specified type

• The construction workers were abuilding a new office tower in the city.
• They're abuilding a new shopping mall down the street.
• I heard they're abuilding a cool new skate park in the neighborhood.
• Her ideas were abuilding in her mind, ready to be implemented in the project.

noun a road that allows vehicles to enter or exit a highway or major road

• The access road to the industrial park is well-maintained for easy entry and exit of vehicles.
• Let's take the access road to avoid the traffic on the main highway.
• I'll meet you at the end of the access road, it's a great spot for a smoke break.
• Education is the access road to a better future.

verb to join or combine something with something else

pronoun used to refer to something previously mentioned or easily identified

preposition used to indicate that something has been included with something else

• The new data added to this report provides a more comprehensive analysis of the market trends.
• I just added more pictures to that album, check them out!
• I added some extra sauce to this burger, it's gonna be so good!
• Her wise words added to that moment of clarity in my mind.