noun a fragment of a material that has broken away from its main mass, typically as a result of decay or deterioration
In construction, spalling can occur in concrete structures due to factors like freeze-thaw cycles or corrosion of reinforcing steel.
In geology, spall refers to the process of breaking off small fragments of rock or mineral from a larger piece.
In mining, spalling can refer to the breaking off of rock fragments during blasting or excavation operations.
Spalling is a common issue in materials science, where it refers to the chipping or flaking off of a material's surface layer.
In geology, a writer may use 'spall' to refer to the chips or fragments of rock that are broken off during the process of weathering and erosion.
Geologists use 'spall' to describe the process of rock breaking off in thin layers or fragments due to stress or weathering.
Construction workers may use 'spall' to describe the chipping or breaking off of concrete or masonry surfaces.
Archaeologists may use 'spall' to refer to the waste material produced during the process of flint knapping or stone tool production.